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Postmortem Examination in Case of Asphyxial Death
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Outer and inner aspects of upper and lower lips should be examined in all cases of asphyxial deaths. Mucosal congestion, cyanosis and injuries in the form of abrasions, contusions and lacerations should be identified and documented. These injuries are common in homicidal cases and may be the only positive findings that can suggest the manner of death. Frenulum of both upper and lower lips should also be examined and documented in all cases of asphyxial deaths. If injuries are present over the inner aspects of lips, they should be correlated with the sharp pointing edges of the teeth (Figure 3.32). Oral cavity hygiene, discoloration of gums and teeth, signs of infection, presence of fluid discharge or pus are also to be noted. Tongue protrusion should be checked in cases of hanging, but it is not mandatory to be found in all cases. Drying of the exposed portions of lips and tongue causes dark reddish or blackish discoloration of the exposed areas (Figure 3.33). This may confuse inexperienced autopsy surgeons and may be misinterpreted as ante-mortem lip or tongue injuries.
Oral Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Marcia Ramos-e-Silva, José Wilson Accioly Filho, Sueli Carneiro, Nurimar Conceição Fernandes
Management: It is most important to avoid excessive sun exposure and to use lip sun-screens. It is impossible to know when actinic cheilitis will develop into neoplasia, so all cases must be treated, if they did not disappear with less sun exposure and use of sunscreens. Topical medications, such as 5-fluorouracil, usually prescribed for 2–3 weeks, may be applied without affecting normal skin. Side effects, such as pain, burning, and swelling, may occur. Complete removal of the lesions can be achieved by cryotherapy, electrosurgery, or surgery as vermilionectomy.
The Viruses
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Herpes simplex viruses are responsible for the recurrent “cold sores” many individuals develop on their lips and for similar sores in the genital region. The introduction of the birth control pill and the relaxation of sexual mores in the United States in the late 1960s ushered in the great herpes epidemic of the 1970s. The herpes simplex viruses have also been implicated in the etiology of several human tumors.
Q-switched 532 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy for physiological lip hyperpigmentation: novel classification, efficacy, and safety
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Saad Altalhab, Mohammed Aljamal, Thamer Mubki, Naief AlNomair, Shoug Algoblan, Ammar Alalola, Mohammed I. AlJasser, Ahmed Alissa
Lip hyperpigmentation is commonly seen in practice. Many conditions are known to be associated with lip hyperpigmentation. Some of those conditions are very common and benign while others are rare and can be associated with serious systemic findings (1). Physiological lip hyperpigmentation (PLH) or dark lips is considered a very common cause of diffuse lip hyperpigmentation. It is a frequently encountered cosmetic concern in individuals with dark skin including in the Middle East. The color ranges from light brown to black and typically has symmetric distribution over both lips (2). It can be limited to the lips or associated with gingival and/or other oral mucosal hyperpigmentation (1). Melanocytes in PLH are normal in number but have increased melanin production. This can be enhanced further with age and some environmental factors such as smoking (2).
Topical tacrolimus with different frequency for exfoliative cheilitis: a pilot study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Qian-Qian Zhang, Pan Xu, Chen Sun, Li-Jun Liu, Wei-Wen Jiang
Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) is a common inflammatory disease affecting upper or lower of lip characterized by dryness, persistent repeated production and desquamation of scales, sometimes followed by cracking and bleeding. Some patients report burning, sensation, and itching (1–4). Etiology of it is still unknown, although psychiatric condition, bacterial/fungal infection, season changes, vitamin deficiency, and factitious activity may contribute to the occurrence (4–9). EC is also the oral manifestation of certain systemic diseases, such as HIV infection, somatoform autonomic dysfunction (1,10). A number of treatments have been applied in the patients with EC, including corticosteroids, glycerin borax, laser therapy, anti-fungal drugs, hyaluronidase, herbal, and anti-depressant medicine (2,4,11–13). However, there are no definitive recommendations for the management of EC.
Evaluating safety in hyaluronic acid lip injections
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Tyler Safran, Arthur Swift, Sebastian Cotofana, Andreas Nikolis
At the time of injection, topical anesthesia may be useful to decrease the discomfort associated with lip injections. One author (AN) prefers the use of ice pre-treatment. Another author (AS) prefers not to rely on the ‘crutch’ of topical or regional anesthesia, but rather advocates the development of minimally discomforting injection techniques such as flicking the lip into the needle or using slow cannula injections in the submucosal plane. Treatment regimen: Most lip enhancement patients should be reassessed two weeks after the initial treatment for possible adjustments. Longevity of lip fillers are variable between companies, but also between patients. One author (AS) employs the use of small doses of neuromodulator into the ergotrid to decrease the shear effect of excessive pursing thus promoting longevity of the product. Prophylaxis in cases of previous herpetic lesions is mandatory when medical history dictates it.