China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Venereal diseases
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Genital Herpes is a virus infection and is generally transmitted by sexual contact. Genital herpes is marked by clusters of small painful blisters on the genitals. After a few days, these blisters burst leaving small ulcers in their place. Almost all cases are marked by painful burning at the site of blister formation. Other relatively common symptoms include pain or burning during urination, discharge from the urethra or vagina, but these all tend to disappear within one or two weeks. If generalized symptoms appear, they diminish gradually over the first week of the infection. After the blisters burst, lesions usually heal in one to two weeks. Skin lesions last an average of 16–20 days, although the blisters disappear and the ulcers heal spontaneously. Many people have recurrent episodes of genital herpes varying in frequency from once a month to once every few years. People who suffer from herpes find that repeat herpes attacks tend to resolve completely after a few years (Masters et al., 1986, pp. 536–543).
Herpes
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Diagnosis of genital herpes relies on laboratory confirmation with HSV culture or PCR assay of genital lesions (typed to determine whether HSV-1 or HSV-2 is the cause of the infection). Type-specific (HSV-1 and HSV-2) glycoprotein G–based serologic testing should also be sent. PCR assays are more sensitive, and are now preferred, but lack of HSV detection by PCR does not indicate lack of HSV infection, because viral shedding is intermittent. HSV culture should be done within 48–72 hours of appearance of the lesion. If the serology type-specific result is discrepant from the culture or PCR result, a new infection is diagnosed [2]. If a new infection is suspected, but the virus is not isolated from the lesion via PCR or culture, serologic testing should be repeated in 3–4 weeks. HSV antibodies appear during the first weeks after infection, and persist for life [9]. Tzanck smear (Wright's stain with material from the vesicle) is diagnostic with multinucleated giant cells and viral inclusions. An option exists for rapid HSV PCR at the time of delivery [13], but until this has been validated by prospective trials, is not currently recommended.
Sexual health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Rajeeb Kumar Sah, Sally Robinson
Genital herpes presents as small painful blisters or sores that may cause itching or tingling in the genital or anal area. It may be painful to urinate and there may be a vaginal discharge. There is no cure for genital herpes but using antiviral medicine can usually control the symptoms. Individual sores will take around five to 10 days to heal. The recurrence of infection and outbreaks are common.
Helicase-primase inhibitors from Medshine Discovery Inc. (WO2018/127207 and WO2020/007355) for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections – structure proposal for Phaeno Therapeutics drug candidate HN0037
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Christian Gege, Gerald Kleymann
More than half of the world’s population is chronically infected with herpesviruses. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are the cause of herpes labialis (cold sores), genital herpes and sight-impairing keratitis, a major source of blindness worldwide. Less frequently, life-threatening disseminated disease (encephalitis and generalized viremia) can also occur, mainly in immunocompromised patients and neonates [1]. HSV-1 is commonly associated with oral herpes and HSV-2 with genital herpes. Drug development for HSV has been hampered in part by the success of acyclovir, a synthetic nucleoside analog targeting the viral polymerase with a good safety margin, albeit modest effectiveness. A drug that could avoid resistance, reduce outbreaks further or even clear latent virus to achieve a functional cure could have tremendous market success over generic acyclovir and other nucleoside analogues [2].
The impact of knowledge, self-efficacy, and stigma on STI testing intention among college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
J. A. Thomas, N. Ditchman, R. B. Beedle
Finally, another interesting finding from this study was the variability in the general STI knowledge across participants. Eight items on the scale were missed by over 60% of respondents. These questions assessed an understanding of vaccinations available; relationships between STIs; gender-specific symptoms; and risk based on type of intercourse. On the other hand, there were five items that over 60% of participants correctly answered. These assessed an understanding of transmission of genital herpes in childbirth; specific STIs versus a general virus causing infection; cancer risk for HPV; medical prognosis related to HIV, and risk based on type of intercourse. It is difficult to characterize themes that emerged from items that were missed frequently, as it does not appear that participants had more knowledge about a particular STI over another. Overall, this represents a general lack of knowledge about specific components of STIs, such as symptoms, transmission, risk, and prevention. This is consistent with previous research on adults in Texas lacking STI knowledge related to transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of certain STIs, particularly syphilis.60
Potential of mucoadhesive chitosan glutamate microparticles as microbicide carriers – antiherpes activity and penetration behavior across the human vaginal epithelium
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Emilia Szymańska, Małgorzata Krzyżowska, Krzysztof Cal, Barbara Mikolaszek, Jakub Tomaszewski, Sławomir Wołczyński, Katarzyna Winnicka
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including bacterial, viral, and parasites infections are relevant and still existing public health issues worldwide (Shannon & Klausner, 2018; Seña et al., 2020; World Health Organization, 2021). In recent years, the prevalence of genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 (HSV-1/2) has gradually increased, and resistance to conventional antiviral drugs (e.g. acyclovir) has been reported (McQuillan et al., 2018). HSV increases the risk of HIV acquisition by forming breaches in the genital epithelium and creating a state of chronic inflammation. It should be noted that HSV is able to reactivate periodically, allowing the transmission to occur, even in the absence of clinical symptoms (Sauerbrei, 2016). At present, the conventional treatment (by oral acyclovir and its analogues) does not cure but basically help to reduce the duration and severity of recurrent genital herpes. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel strategies aiming at preventing either new infection or frequent recurrence of HSV episodes.