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Gonorrhea
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Condoms, when used correctly and consistently, provide a high degree of protection from gonorrheal infection, as well as from other STIs [21]. Other important practices for prevention of gonorrhea are screening to identify asymptomatic cases in high-risk populations, early diagnosis and treatment, and partner notification and treatment. Several recent randomized trials reported a reduction in the rate of reinfection with an expedited approach to partner therapy (EPT) whereby partners are treated without a clinical assessment. In this approach, the patient delivers either medication or prescriptions to their partner [22–25]. The legal status of such an approach varies in the United States with some states prohibiting EPT. Legal status should be verified prior to providing EPT. Another complicating factor in providing EPT is the most recent recommendation of combination intramuscular and oral medications as first-line treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea in the United States. Evaluation of all sex partners from the previous 60 days and treatment with the recommended regimen (ceftriaxone 250 mg IM plus a single dose of azithromycin 1 g orally) is the best course of action. However, if this is not possible, EPT with oral cefixime 400 mg and azithromycin 1gram should be considered, as not treating partners is significantly more harmful than is the use of oral EPT for gonorrhea [24, 25].
Male methods
Published in Suzanne Everett, Handbook of Contraception and Sexual Health, 2020
A condom is made from a latex sheath which is applied and covers the length of an erect penis. It is disposable and should only be used once and comes in a variety of colours and features. A condom acts as a barrier preventing sperm and ovum from meeting and pregnancy occurring. Latex-free condoms or polyurethane condoms are available for clients with latex allergies.
Contraception Across the Reproductive Life-Course
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Barrier methods need to be used each time with sex. The diaphragm still has a role, albeit small, for women who accept its relatively high failure rate (around 84%) or are ambivalent about pregnancy (Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Health Care, 2012, 2014; Trussell, 2011). Condoms offer the advantage of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but they are not as effective in preventing pregnancy as some other methods. Thus it is recommended that women combine condoms with another effective contraceptive. Female condoms are widely heralded for their potential to provide woman-controlled protection, but their promise has not yet been fulfilled due to a combination of low awareness, low availability, and high cost; in addition, women must have sufficient power within the relationship to negotiate their use (Martin, de Lora, Rochat, & Andes, 2016). Efforts to develop new types with features that enhance sexual pleasure should be encouraged (Joelving, 2008).
HIV status disclosure and sexual activity among pregnant women in Ghana
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Thomas Agyarko-Poku, Richard Bannor, Elizabeth Sorvor, Frank Ankobea-Kokroe
The present study found that sexual activity with partners and condom use was associated with HIV status disclosure. Further, all the pregnant women who had disclosed their HIV status to their partners were sexually active. Also, all participants who had not disclosed their HIV status and were sexually active with their partners did not use condoms. Condoms are usually used to prevent pregnancy in a committed sexual relationship rather than prevention of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV (Cleland & Ali, 2006). As such, having intimacy with a sexual partner who is already pregnant suggests no need for condom use. In this situation, pregnant women with HIV who have not disclosed their status to their partners and suggesting condom use during sexual intercourse would raise a lot of questions and tension in the relationship so they will usually not use condoms. Having this mindset puts the male sex partner at high risk of HIV infection which may have more severe consequences. HIV status disclosure to sexual partners among pregnant women may be challenging but more beneficial to their health and well-being, and that of their unborn child and sexual partner.
Sugar Dating, Perceptions of Power, and Condom Use: Comparing the Sexual Health Risk Behaviours of Sugar Dating to Non-Sugar Dating Women
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Kimberley M. Kirkeby, Justin J. Lehmiller, Michael J. Marks
Our results indicated that a large degree of variance in condom use was unaccounted for by perceptions of power, and even sugar dating women who perceived themselves as holding relatively greater power did not use condoms every time during intercourse with sugar daddies. This variability in condom use across the board suggests that in addition to feeling greater levels of trust and intimacy (perhaps accrued over time), there may be several additional potential moderators (e.g., knowledge of STI risks, sexual agency, economic privilege, motivations for sugar dating) that play an important role in how consistently condoms are used (MacPherson et al., 2012; Ranganathan et al., 2016). Consequently, although our findings on condom use and perceptions of power were consistent with what would be expected using a social exchange framework, the above potential moderators should be considered and examined more closely in future research. Furthermore, it is also crucial to note that our study only captured one of many important factors when it comes to assessing health risks associated with heterosexual intercourse. Despite assessing the percentage of times condoms were used, we did not assess the frequency that sexual intercourse occurred with partners. This is particularly important to acknowledge, given that having sex twice a month and using a condom 50% of the time does not suggest equivalent risk for someone who has intercourse 60 times per month, yet also uses condoms 50% of the time (Noar et al., 2006). Future research would do well to address this point.
“Now that PrEP is reducing the risk of transmission of HIV, why then do you still insist that we use condoms?” the condom quandary among PrEP users and health care providers in Kenya
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Elizabeth M. Irungu, Kenneth Ngure, Kenneth K. Mugwanya, Merceline Awuor, Annabelle Dollah, Fernandos Ongolly, Nelly Mugo, Elizabeth Bukusi, Elizabeth Wamoni, Josephine Odoyo, Jennifer F. Morton, Gena Barnabee, Irene Mukui, Jared M. Baeten, Gabrielle O'Malley
Some health providers presented more nuanced counselling messages about condom use, i.e., specifying conditions under which clients could have condomless sex. The most frequently mentioned of these conditions was when the couple wanted to conceive and the HIV negative partner was on PrEP, if they were in a monogamous relationship, and if they knew their partner’s viral load was suppressed. They ask you ‘will I continue using the condom every day?’ And so, we tell [them] … it will depend on the kind of client you are dealing with. If he or she has multiple partners they have to use condoms but if it is only one partner we tell them until your partner is virally suppressed, [it is] not always that you [have to] use condoms. (Nurse)