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Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Regions
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
The jawline is an important skin surface landmark marking the lower face and is formed by the mandible. The mandibular angle and the mandibular symphysis contribute to its formation. The contour of the jawline reveals sexual traits and signs of aging. Mandibular angle and jawline should be considered a unit when planning filler treatment for the lower face.
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Accessory muscles are frequently associated with the anterior belly of the digastric (Macalister 1875; Bergman et al. 1988; Lee and Yang 2016). Mentohyoid refers to a supernumerary muscle situated along the medial margin of digastricus anterior that extends between the hyoid and the mandibular symphysis (Macalister 1867b, 1875; Knott 1883a; Bergman et al. 1988; De-Ary-Pires et al. 2003; Lee and Yang 2016). It may present as a single slip or as two parallel bands (Macalister 1875).
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The sublingual gland, the smallest of the main salivary glands, lies beneath the oral mucosa, which is raised as a sublingual fold (see Figure 41.3). The gland lies in contact with the sublingual fossa on the lingual aspect of the mandible, close to the mandibular symphysis. It is narrow, flat, shaped like an almond and weighs 3–4 g. The gland is seromucous (but predominantly mucous). Beneath the gland is the mylohyoid muscle, whilst behind it lies the deep part of the submandibular gland (see Figure 41.7). The genioglossus muscle lies medial to the sublingual gland, separated from it by the lingual nerve and submandibular duct. The sublingual gland has 8–20 excretory ducts. From the posterior part of the gland, smaller sublingual ducts mostly open separately on the summit of the sublingual fold. From the anterior part of the gland small rami sometimes form a major sublingual duct (Bartholin’s duct), opening with or near to the orifice of the submandibular duct.
Molecular Genetics of Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Jamshid Motaei, Arash Salmaninejad, Ebrahim Jamali, Imaneh Khorsand, Mohammad Ahmadvand, Sasan Shabani, Farshid Karimi, Mohammad Sadegh Nazari, Golsa Ketabchi, Fatemeh Naqipour
Supernumerary teeth are usually associated with genetic syndromes. Several genes have been identified, including RUNX2, TRPS1, NHS, APC, and EVC [43]. However, the etiology of ST is not clear. The most common syndrome associated with supernumerary tooth is CCD [52], approximately 94% of CCD patients have dental anomalies, including ST. Dental abnormalities in CCD include delayed or failure of eruption of teeth, especially the permanent teeth, retention of primary teeth, crown and root abnormalities, high arched palate, underdevelopment of maxilla, delayed or no mandibular symphysis ossification, multiple impacted permanent teeth and also multiple supernumerary teeth [4,57]. Dentin formation (primary and permanent teeth) is normal, although there are problems in shedding of deciduous teeth and eruption of permanent teeth [44]. The reasons for delayed or failure eruption of permanent teeth in CCD are absence of cellular cementum at the root apex, decreased alkaline phosphatase levels and mechanical obstruction [57,58]. The presence of multiple ST in CCD may cause mechanical obstruction and may be a major factor for the impaction of permanent teeth [59].
An approach for simultaneous reduction and fixation of mandibular fractures
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Ethan Snyder, Mohamed Trabia, Nir Trabelsi
The mandible is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones as a result of maxillofacial trauma. In isolated incidents, mandibular fractures constituted around 18% of fractures seen in maxillofacial trauma (Haug et al. 1990). Of the traumatic circumstances that produce these injuries, the three most susceptible regions are the mandibular symphysis (19.2%), body (18.1%) and angle (16.2%) (Erdmann et al. 2008). Assault and motor vehicle accidents are the leading causes of these fractures, accounting for approximately 50% and 25%, respectively (Haug et al. 1990), (Afrooz et al. 2015a).