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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
The temporomandibular joints, or TMJs, are the pair of joints between the mandible and the temporal bones of the skull (Figure 10.39). Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a common problem, causing pain in the involved joint, clicking noises on chewing, and restricted jaw movement. Arthritis may be a cause of TMJD. Patients with osteoarthritis or internal derangement of the TMJ, perhaps from previous trauma, often have synovitis of the TMJ.95 This creates chronic inflammation in the synovial tissue, progressive degradation of the cartilage, and subchondral bone remodeling.96
The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Lynne V. Abruzzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma occurs in industrialized nations. EBV infection is present in approximately 25% of patients. Most patients are in the second or third decades of life, with a male-to-female ratio of 3 to 1. Most patients present with large abdominal, frequently ileocecal, masses. Other sites that are commonly involved include abdominal and peripheral lymph nodes, pleura, and pharynx. The jaw is involved infrequently. In patients with either endemic or sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma, bone marrow and central nervous system are uncommonly involved at presentation (approximately 10-20% of cases), but are frequently involved later in the clinical course. AIDS-associated Burkitt’s lymphoma occurs in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Approximately 50% of cases are EBV-associated. Lymph nodes are extranodal sites are commonly involved.
Cysts and Tumours of the Bony Facial Skeleton
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Julia A. Woolgar, Gillian L. Hall
Primary intra-osseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC), solid type,94 invades marrow spaces and induces osseous resorption. The aetiology is unknown. It is derived from odontogenic epithelial residues such as the periradicular rests of Malassez within the periodontal ligament and the reduced enamel epithelium surrounding impacted unerupted teeth. Dedifferentiation from a benign ameloblastoma is a further (rare) possibility. Most arise in later adult life with a M:F ratio of 2:1). Most are located in the body and posterior mandible. Maxillary cases tend to involve the anterior region. The lesion is often discovered as an incidental irregular, non-corticated radiolucency following routine jaw radiography. Large lesions may cause facial swelling and paraesthesia. Histologically, PIOSCC, solid type, is generally moderately differentiated and without specific features. Metastatic SCC must be excluded by clinical and radiological examination. Surgical resection is frequently followed by local recurrence, regional and distant metastases and prognosis is poor.
The prevalence and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in head and neck cancer patients
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Ellie Saghafi, Lisa Tuomi, Göran Kjeller
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term describing musculoskeletal conditions of the face, jaw and temporal regions. TMD is frequently associated with pain and/or dysfunction such as impaired jaw function, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles and/or related structures, and associated headaches. The aetiology of TMD is multifactorial and complex [1,2]. It is known from recent studies that the influence of psychosocial factors such as personality as well as behaviour and environment are important for the development of TMD [3]. In addition, there is a known association between a presence of psychosomatic symptoms and prevalence of TMD [2,4]. TMD symptoms tend to be more often reported in patients with psychosomatic symptoms, whereas somatic symptoms have been strongly associated with TMD onset, and perceived stress and previous life events also predicted TMD incidence [3].
Association between signs of hyperalgesia and reported frequent pain in jaw-face and head
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
The questionnaire included 65 questions that focussed on socio-demographic characteristics, self-perceived general health and oral health, tobacco use, medication, dental care habits, symptoms in the jaw-face region and headache. The six questions in the questionnaire related to symptoms in the jaw-face region inquired about the presence of the following symptoms during the past 3 months: TMJ clicking sound; jaw-facial pain; jaw tiredness/stiffness; difficulties in opening wide; locking of the jaw; and headache. The frequency scale was as follows: No; Yes, occasionally; Yes, once or twice every week; Yes, several times a week; or Yes, daily. A reported occurrence once a week or more often was defined as ‘frequent symptoms’. The responses in the analysis were dichotomized into frequent symptoms and those remaining.
The diagnosis and management of temporal arteritis
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Melvin Lh Ling, Jason Yosar, Brendon Wh Lee, Saumil A Shah, Ivy W Jiang, Anna Finniss, Alexandra Allende, Ian C Francis
Jaw claudication occurs in up to 50 per cent of patients with TA and may be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).1997 In TA, jaw claudication is caused by masseter muscle ischaemia and is characterised by pain that develops with or soon after chewing, and subsides with rest. In contrast, TMJD causes jaw pain with any movement, emphasising the difference between the mechanical and ischaemic nature of the pain.2009 Patients with jaw claudication often avoid chewy foods or meat, although this is not a distinguishing feature from TMJD.1991 In one study, 54 per cent of patients with positive temporal artery biopsies had jaw claudication compared with only three per cent who had negative biopsies.1995 Asking a patient to chew gum is a simple method of evaluating jaw claudication,2016 but in the absence of chewing gum in the clinic, the authors simply ask the patient to open and close the jaw rapidly and forcefully 20 times. Jaw claudication alone should not be used to rule in TA due to the potential morbidity associated with steroid treatment, as demonstrated in one case by the authors of mandibular osteomyelitis misdiagnosed as TA.2011