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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
The temporomandibular joints, or TMJs, are the pair of joints between the mandible and the temporal bones of the skull (Figure 10.39). Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is a common problem, causing pain in the involved joint, clicking noises on chewing, and restricted jaw movement. Arthritis may be a cause of TMJD. Patients with osteoarthritis or internal derangement of the TMJ, perhaps from previous trauma, often have synovitis of the TMJ.95 This creates chronic inflammation in the synovial tissue, progressive degradation of the cartilage, and subchondral bone remodeling.96
The Experience of Pain — Psychological Aspects
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
Pain behavior may sometimes lead to effective avoidance of aversive or unpleasant consequences. Such reinforcement is especially effective in the development of chronic pain. Indirect reinforcement of pain behavior was paraphrased by Fordyce87 as “when I hurt, bad things do not happen to me which otherwise would.” A relevant example cited by Fordyce is that of an elderly woman who, due to insult to her memory, found participation in a bridge club increasingly stressful. Episodes of pain enabled her to stay home and avoid the unpleasant encounter. The secondary gain achieved this way served as an indirect factor reinforcing the pain behavior and preventing a possible cure. Similar relevant examples exist in the dental situation. Avoidance of dental treatment due to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain which prevents prolonged opening of the mouth, is one possible example.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial condyloid joint formed between the head (condyle) of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone (Fig. 3.50). The anterior part of the mandibular fossa, with which the head of the mandible articulates when the mouth is opened, is termed the articular tubercle. The joint capsule is attached superiorly to the rim of the articular surface and inferiorly to the neck of the mandible. The capsule is strengthened laterally to form the lateral or temporomandibular ligament. Intrinsically there is an interarticular disc (meniscus) that divides the joint into the superior and inferior cavities. It is attached to the periphery of the capsule and is situated over the head of the mandible, projecting anteriorly towards the tubercle. A number of small muscles combine to produce depression, elevation, protrusion, retraction and lateral movements of the mandible. These movements are complex, and the action of opening the mouth results in the head of the mandible moving downwards and forwards. Excessive movement can result in anterior dislocation of the head of the mandible on the articular tubercle. The joint derives its blood supply from the temporal and maxillary branches of the external carotid artery.
The prevalence and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in head and neck cancer patients
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Ellie Saghafi, Lisa Tuomi, Göran Kjeller
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term describing musculoskeletal conditions of the face, jaw and temporal regions. TMD is frequently associated with pain and/or dysfunction such as impaired jaw function, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles and/or related structures, and associated headaches. The aetiology of TMD is multifactorial and complex [1,2]. It is known from recent studies that the influence of psychosocial factors such as personality as well as behaviour and environment are important for the development of TMD [3]. In addition, there is a known association between a presence of psychosomatic symptoms and prevalence of TMD [2,4]. TMD symptoms tend to be more often reported in patients with psychosomatic symptoms, whereas somatic symptoms have been strongly associated with TMD onset, and perceived stress and previous life events also predicted TMD incidence [3].
Comparison of stress distribution of TMJ with different mandibular deformities under incisal clenching
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Annan Li, Bingmei Shao, Zhan Liu
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the only bilateral linked joint in the human body that plays a pivotal role in physiological functions, such as chewing, swallowing, speaking and so on. Besides, it is the most frequently used load-bearing joint and can be reshaped through the whole life (Palomar and Doblaré 2006; Liu et al. 2007a, 2008). Abnormal stress distribution caused by mandibular deformities can remodel the TMJs (Inui et al. 1999), and then lead to clinical signs and symptoms, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Mandibular prognathism, retrusion and deviation are three common types of mandibular deformities in the population, with a prevalence percentage of 15–23.3% (Bergersen 1980; Bishara et al. 1994; Li et al. 2011). These deformities are relevant to the symptoms such as ankylosis of TMJs, dysfunction and arthritis with joint clicking and pain (Pirttiniemi 1994; Kobayashi et al. 1999; Kawai et al. 2020). On the other hand, they can also negatively affect the aesthetic appearance of the maxillofacial region and the patient's psychology health.
Effects of patient-specific mobility therapy for TMJ, neck, and shoulder dysfunction after submandibular gland tumor surgery: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Keun-Su Lee, Duck-Won Oh, Joon-Hee Lee
Surgical operations are very important for patients with head and neck cancer, including those with salivary gland tumors (McGarvey, Chiarelli, Osmotherly, and Hoffman, 2011). However, post-surgical complications cause pain and impaired movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), neck, and shoulder, leading to functional disability and decreased quality of life (Do et al., 2013; List and Bilir, 2004). After the RND, transcutaneous sensory nerve injury results in deafferentation pain, myofascial pain, and neuromas (Van Wilgen et al., 2003), and post-operative wounds become hard. Immobile scar tissue limits the range of motion of the TMJ and neck and shoulder joints (Baggi et al., 2014). Therefore, specific interventions that target patient impairments are required to restore functional levels after surgery.