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Functional Anatomy
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of organisms, in this case the human body. The word ‘anatomy’ is derived from the Greek term ‘anatomia’, meaning ‘to cut up or cut open’. Historically, anatomists have learnt about the body by dissecting cadavers – corpses dedicated to medical science. Anatomists work to seperate each individual tissue and organ to fathom what each part does, its function, and how it works.
The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
This is simply outlining the principles of good clinical practice applied to disorders of the locomotor system. In some areas, our knowledge is insufficient for treatment to be other than empirical and formula based, but the real art of medicine and its allied professions lies in the intelligent application of the knowledge and understanding we have to the individual problem presented by the individual patient. In conditions affecting the joints, a major part of this input is a clear understanding of functional anatomy, from the structures of molecules to movements of the whole body. This needs to be applied at all stages of the clinical process—taking the history, performing the physical examination, interpreting the results of investigations, balancing the probabilities in differential diagnosis, and selecting treatment options—if the patient is to be given the best chance of functional improvement.
De Fabrica Humani Corporis—Fascia as the Fabric of the Body
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
In functional anatomy the musculoskeletal system is still often thought of as a complex construct of separate elements (bones) connected by (hinged or non-hinged) joints that are moved by muscles that attach to the bones, innervated by a central nervous system. This construct can be questioned on both functional and physiological grounds. Moreover, would an anatomical concept such as the “musculoskeletal system” even survive a deeper reevaluation of the principles of anatomy?
Morroniside ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and promotes osteoblastogenesis by interacting with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Hou-Zhi Yang, Runbei Dong, Yutao Jia, Yuqiao Li, Gan Luo, Tianhao Li, Yao Long, Shuang Liang, Shanshan Li, Xin Jin, Tianwei Sun
We acknowledge that the biological effects of MOR on the transcriptional level are not completely clear at present. Therefore, in a future study, we intend to investigate the transcriptomic changes following MOR treatment using the high-throughput gene expression profiling technique. In addition, zebrafish is a well-established animal model for in vivo screening drugs that promote bone development (Busse et al. 2020). It shares many similarities but distinct differences in their anatomy, phylogenetic information and physiological properties compared to humans. Another limitation in our study is the lack of confirming the effects of MOR in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, our study cannot completely rule out the possibility of differences between osteoblastic precursors and osteoblast cells regarding the responses to MOR. Although the MC3T3-E1 cell line is one of the most common osteoblast-like cell lines for studying osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, further studies using MSCs and murine models are required to validate the present results and to develop MOR into a potential therapeutic agent for glucocorticoid induced-OP. Moreover, limited by our cell line and zebrafish model, we did not study MOR’s effect on glucose metabolism in osteoblasts and bone tissue, nor did we measure the changes in intracellular glucose concentration. Therefore, the specific mechanism of the effect of MOR on glucose production in osteoblasts needs to be studied in the near future.
Robotic navigation during spine surgery: an update of literature
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Qi Zhang, Xiao-Guang Han, Ming-Xing Fan, Jing-Wei Zhao, Zhao Lang, Ji-Le Jiang, Da He, Bo Liu, Wei Tian
The musculoskeletal system is the most important and complex motor system in the body, with complex three-dimensional anatomy adjacent to important neurovascular tissues. Orthopedic surgical robots fulfill the concept and technical means of precision surgery. Combined with the latest biomedical engineering technology, orthopedic surgical robots achieve precise surgical operations with less damage through accurate, safe, and stable operations [1]. These robots may help reduce the challenges of low accuracy and high complication rates caused by the restricted vision and unstable movements of surgeons in orthopedic surgery [2]. Surgical robots have improved the effectiveness of orthopedic disease treatment and have become one of the most vital research directions in the development of orthopedics [3].
Anatomy education in physiotherapy training: perceptions of Nigerian-based undergraduate physiotherapy students
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2022
Chidiebele Petronilla Ojukwu, Emeka Godson Anyanwu, Chekwube Benjamin Onyebuchi, Chigozie Ikenna Uchenwoke, Adaora Justina Okemuo, Chinelo Jennifer Okafor, Chioma Nneka Ikele
Human anatomy is a domain of knowledge that studies the various structures of the human body and is focused on three main levels, including microanatomy, macro anatomy and developmental anatomy [1]. It is very crucial for enhancing the clinical skills of all medical and health students worldwide and is learned in the forms of gross and functional anatomy, histology and embryology [1–4]. In the coursework of any physical therapy programme, anatomy is regarded as a fundamental subject required to produce a sound physiotherapist with a resultant effective clinical practice [5]. From recent studies [4,6,7], health professionals, especially physical therapists perceived anatomy education as relevant resulting from their beliefs that suitable anatomy knowledge is extremely important for sharpening their clinical skills, thus making them better health practitioners.