China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
The discussion centers around what is traditionally regarded as gross anatomy but extends to larger and smaller scales in both function and structure when this seems appropriate. Obviously, with such a large scope and an interpretive aim, the content is selective and the approach individual. There is systematic treatment of neither anatomy nor mechanics, but there is an assumption of familiarity with descriptive anatomy and with the most elementary mechanical principles, such as might be expected, perhaps, of a medical graduate embarking upon a rheumatology or orthopedics career.
Validity and reliability of anatomy examination of organ structure and topography
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Y. Yuniarti, R. Perdana, A.R. Putera, F.A. Yulianto
Gross anatomy is one of the fundamental topics in medical education. By learning gross anatomy, medical students get a first impression about the structure of the normal human body, which is the basis for understanding pathologic and clinical problems (Hegazy & Minhas 2015).
The Nervous System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Many body systems are most easily understood by beginning with the gross anatomy; an understanding of the nervous system, however, most readily begins with the nerve cell.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Annona squamosa seed extract against alcohol-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Mohammad Zahid, Muhammad Arif, Md. Azizur Rahman, Md. Mujahid
Group-I was found to be of grade-0 and normal in gross anatomy without any lesion. Group-II was found to be of grade-4 and showed scar and necrosis. Group-III treated with 200 mg/kg b.wt of extract EEAS was found to be of grade-3 and showed inflammation, yellowish portal and lobular area, and necrosis. Group-IV treated with 400 mg/kg b.wt of extract EEAS was found to be of grade-1 and showed only inflammation in portal and lobular area. Group-V treated with 100 mg/kg b.wt of standard drug silymarin was found to be of grade-0 and normal in gross anatomy without any lesion. In the present study, ethanol was used to induce liver damage because it is clinically relevant and produces a constellation of dose-related deleterious effects in liver (Leo et al. 1982). Besides the development of fatty liver, another early sign of excessive ethanol consumption is liver enlargement and protein accumulation, both of which are common findings in alcoholics and heavy drinkers (Baraona et al. 1977, Zakhari and Li 2007).
The Prosthetic Penis and the Trans Penis: Changing Representations of and Cultural Discourses About the Penis
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
Within the discourses I have outlined in the preceding, the manner in which Straayer describes and defines the penis is revolutionary. He observes of another writer’s word usage that “Once again, we suffer from an imprecise definition. Does ‘penis’ refer to a discrete, grossly visible, external organ or to an ‘inclusive-penis’ with internal as well as external parts?” (p. XX). Straayer thus distinguishes between two quite different notions of the penis. This distinction is crucial since it complicates and removes the traditional emphasis on the shape and size of what we see. Even with the most limited definition of the “grossly visible penis,” what we see is a small part of the organ, much of which is within the body, which is related to why the flaccid penis is not an accurate indicator of erect penis size. This also relates to the manner in which the clitoris is commonly simply seen as a smaller and thus lesser organ than its counterpart the penis. Straayer writes that an “approach to the clitoris as penis placeholder might consider how erogenous use of the clitoris throughout one’s life could enlarge the representation of genitals in the somatosensory cortex. Brain studies related to skill learning show that repeated performance of a particular activity increases the cortical representations of the body parts utilized” (p. XX). Here Straayer is arguing that neuroscience offers an explanation of how a transgender person can use their brain over time to form their clitoris into a penis. In other words, gross anatomy is not destiny.
Mixed reality as a time-efficient alternative to cadaveric dissection
Published in Medical Teacher, 2020
Jeremy S. Ruthberg, Galen Tingle, Lisa Tan, Lauren Ulrey, Sue Simonson-Shick, Rebecca Enterline, Henry Eastman, Jeffrey Mlakar, Robert Gotschall, Erin Henninger, Mark A. Griswold, Susanne Wish-Baratz
In the United States, anatomy instruction typically takes place during the first and second year of medical training and provides an educational foundation in four major topics: gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology and embryology (Turney 2007). From 1955 to 2009, there was an estimated 55% decrease in total course hours dedicated to teaching gross anatomy, combining both lecture and lab hours, with a smaller yet significant 11% decrease from 2002 to 2009 (Drake et al. 2002, 2009, 2014). Despite cut-backs, anatomy represents one of the major pillars of medical education, providing a foundation for medical language and clinical training (Patel and Moxham 2005; Singh et al. 2015). Anatomy courses utilizing cadaveric dissection facilitate the examination of physical structures, providing a hands-on, active approach for learning anatomical detail, appreciating structures that cannot be examined during surgical operations, and especially, for visualizing and understanding anatomical variation (Sheikh et al. 2016). Singh et al. (2015) argue that if no reforms are made, the trend of de-emphasizing anatomy will continue unimpeded. This is particularly disheartening given that many physicians believe that a clear understanding of anatomy is critical for safe medical practice (Ahmed et al. 2010).