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Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Regions
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
The cheek is the area where almost every filler can be used. As most of the cheek tissue is soft, HA is probably the most popular filler being used here. PLLA was used in the very beginning for HIV patients with lipoatrophy, who are extreme cases with severe cheek fat deficiency. PLLA was used to augment their large volume loss and is now believed to be the choice for severe deficiency. However, PLLA could be precisely exploited in the cheek whether for specific faults or merely for contour enhancement. CaHA was recently popular for its biostimulating applications in the superficial layer of the subdermal plane in order to strengthen soft tissue structure in addition to providing new volume. CaHA, when used as a volumizer, is similar to some stronger HA fillers and targeted for certain areas instead of for full cheek filling.
Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The buccinator is one of the largest muscles of the cheek. It is a broad muscle which originates from the alveolar ridge of the maxilla, mandible and temporomandibular joint and inserts into the lateral fibres of the orbicularis oris. Its arterial supply comes from the buccinator artery, and it is innervated by buccal branches of the facial nerve (Figure 3.22).
Anatomy of the head and neck
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The facial expression muscles are supplied by the facial (cranial VII) nerve. Their function is to control and support the structures and openings in the face, such as the eyes and mouth. In humans, their functionality serves an important role in non-verbal communication as well as aiding actions such as screwing up the eyes and chewing. The mouth is surrounded by the sphincteric orbicularis oris muscle into which merge the fibres of the buccinator, the muscle of the cheek. The buccinator contracts during chewing and serves to prevent trapping of food within the space between the gums and teeth; it also acts to raise the pressure of air expelled by musicians playing wind instruments or by whistling. The orbicularis oculi surrounds the eye and serves to function in two ways. First, fibres that surround the eye serve to screw the eye up because they are attached to the bone on the medial aspect of the orbit. Second, the palpebral fibres attach to the lateral palpebral raphe and serve to close the eye when blinking. Additional fibres are attached to the lacrimal sac and serve to dilate the sac and keep the puncta in contact with the eyeball.
The eye area as the most difficult area of activity for esthetic treatment
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Anna Kołodziejczak, Helena Rotsztejn
The part of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eye located on the cheek is held by two ligaments: orbicularis retaining ligament (attachment at the lower edge of the orbit) and the zygomatic-cutaneous ligament. The space between these ligaments creates Malar mound, which is a chronic soft tissue swelling and a fat tissue hernia. Usually, it is innate. In its presence, palpebromalar grove is formed. The ligaments firmly connect the dermis with the periosteum, which promote the formation of irregular swelling in this area. At that time zygomatic/malar edema, which is the collection of fluid over the malar eminence, below the level of the infraorbital rim appears. It may be aggravated, e.g. after intake a large amount of salt, and it may have a bluish tint. This swelling is usually related to underlying disease process, mainly in kidneys, heart and liver as well as with hypothyroidism and allergies. Moreover, the aggravation of this edema may be related to the hydration of the subcutaneous tissue, which is, in turn, affected by the water and electrolyte balance, and, in women, also by menstrual cycle (1–4).
Effects of patient-specific mobility therapy for TMJ, neck, and shoulder dysfunction after submandibular gland tumor surgery: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Keun-Su Lee, Duck-Won Oh, Joon-Hee Lee
At initial observation, mild edema was found between the mandible and surgical site. The facial appearance was slightly asymmetric due to the mild edema on his left cheek and the reduced size of his left neck (Figure 1). His intermittent headaches were mild and did not cause discomfort. His psychological distress, which was related to a fear of cancer, often resulted in insomnia. He complained that it was difficult to put large-sized foods into his mouth, due to limited mouth opening, and to chew food on the left side of his mouth. In addition, he often bit the inside of his left cheek during chewing, due to decreased sensation. Also, food was frequently caught between his teeth and cheek. Because of limited ROM of the neck, it was difficult for him to turn his head to the right to see his side mirrors when driving, and to raise his head to see the sky. Also, he experienced difficulties putting on or taking off clothes, washing his face and body, and lifting heavy objects.
COVID-19 and dermatological personal protective equipment considerations
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Travis S. Dowdle, Mallory Thompson, Mahmud Alkul, Jeannie M. Nguyen, Ashley L. E. Sturgeon
Contact dermatitis is a prominent side effect of both masks and goggles. For surgical masks and N95 respirators, using an alcohol-free barrier film to wipe behind ears and areas with direct contact with the masks can reduce moisture and friction injury. These areas include the cheeks, nose, chin, and behind the ears. Before HCWs don a mask, they should allow the barrier film wipe to dry. Another option would be wearing a headband with buttons that attach to the straps of a surgical mask. To avoid behind-the ear-irritation, N95 respirator straps should be worn around the crown of the head, having no contact with the ear. For those using N95 respirators for extended periods during a shift, the AAD recommends cleaning and moisturizing the face with noncomedogenic emollients 1 hour before N95 respirator use.15 Moisturizers containing petrolatum are not advised before N95 respirator use, as they can compromise the sealing of the mask. For those experiencing allergic contact dermatitis reactions to certain components in the N95 respirators, the AAD recommends switching to another type of N95 respirator.