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Anatomical Considerations to Improve Aesthetic Treatments Using Neuromodulators
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Nicholas Moellhoff, Sebastian Cotofana
The face is composed of complex and interwoven anatomical structures, allowing for versatile facial expressions, the display of emotion, communication, food intake, and digestion. Morphological changes in the facial skeleton and soft tissue layers over time, caused by multifactorial processes, lead to facial aging (Cotofana et al. 2016). Knowledge of anatomy and the changes in the soft tissue constitution underlying the process of aging is the key to performing safe and effective treatments, including neuromodulator injections to ameliorate facial rhytids.
Chronic erythematous rash on the face
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
This describes visibly dilated blood vessels where there is no feeding central vessel. It is very common on the face due to weathering and may be associated with rosacea, scleroderma, and the use of potent topical steroids.
Anatomy of the Forehead and Periocular Region
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Marcelo B. Antunes, Stephen A. Goldstein
The upper third of the face is composed of the forehead and eyes. These structures significantly contribute to the first impression of someone’s face. The forehead and eyes together often convey a person’s emotional state or feelings. As such, an accurate projection of a person’s true state of mind may be misrepresented secondary to the aging process. This is one of the primary reasons patients wish to address facial aging. Knowledge of the underlying anatomy of the upper third of the face is important to accurately assess the stages of facial aging. This will allow the surgeon to determine which rejuvenation techniques are most beneficial for patients with aging of the upper third of the face.
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections: towards quantum dots based management approaches
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Faezeh Almasi, Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
Part of the PNS is the set of 12 paired cranial nerves directly connected to the brain. One of the main cranial nerves controlling the sensory functions of the face is the trigeminal nerve. There are reports presenting the RNA fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in this sensory nerve indicating the probable transfer of SARS-CoV-2 to CNS via the trigeminal nerve. It is also proposed that SARS-CoV-2 spread to the medullary cardiorespiratory centres after lung infection through the mechanoreceptors of the vagus nerve, the longest nerve of cranial nerves [93]. It has been reported that other respiratory viruses, like influenza, can enter the CNS via the sensory vagus nerve [61]. Moreover, some reports demonstrate the infection of peripheral nervous gastrointestinal systems by SARS-CoV-2 [94].
The four category systematic approach for selecting patients for face transplantation
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Matias Sipilä, Emma-Lotta Kiukas, Andrew Lindford, Tuija Ylä-Kotola, Jouni Lauronen, Harri Sintonen, Patrik Lassus
Patients with a severe facial deformity often have panfacial injuries or large areas of their face injured. Soft-tissues with or without bony injuries may be involved. There may be additional iatrogenic facial injuries that occur during attempts at conventional reconstruction. The Boston group have previously reported an inclusion criteria for FT consisting of a defect comprising over 25% of the face and/or loss of one of the major facial features, such as the nose, lip(s), or eyelid(s) [1]. There has also been some debate regarding whether or not patients should be subjected to a full or partial FT. The Boston group has advocated preserving all of the patient’s functional tissue and only removing and restoring what is non-functional [18]. From the perspective of the aesthetic outcome, a partial FT is often more discernible and might not succeed in restoring a near to normal appearance. Moreover, if the aesthetic outcome is considered to be one parameter of success it would then be advisable to perform a full FT in a patient with a large portion of their face injured [19]. The flip side is that the latter would increase the stakes in view of possible early or late graft failure. Our approach has been to preserve all functioning tissue in view of this being a high-risk procedure. In addition, a back-up plan should be in place in the event of acute or early graft loss [20].
Tennis-related adult maxillofacial trauma injuries
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2021
John Pueringer, Jason E. Cohn, Sammy Othman, Tom Shokri, Yadranko Ducic, Mofiyinfolu Sokoya
The authors recognize several limitations of this study. The NEISS collects data from ED visits, such that less severe injuries, injuries managed at home, or those managed in an outpatient setting are not captured. Furthermore, data is collected in a non-standardized manner across these various health systems, creating possible inconsistencies. As maxillofacial trauma providers, we also acknowledge the less-than-perfect reporting of facial injury regions. The database reports these injuries as involving the head, face (including the eyelid, eye area and nose), eyeball, mouth (including the lips, tongue, and teeth), neck and ear. There is significant cross-over with these structures which could potentially skew the results. Despite these, the NEISS provides a nationwide sample size for addressing an externally valid population.