China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Overview of Traditional Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Malika Ranjan, Namyaa Kumar, Safiya Arfi, Shazia Rashid
Radiation therapy uses high-power energy beams such as x-rays, protons, given for specific number of times for a particular duration to eliminate cancer cells from the organ. Radiation therapy is given either externally by directing a radiation beam at an affected area or internally by placing a device filled with radioactive material inside within or near tumour. For some cancers, radiation is the only treatment required, whereas it may also be used as a part of combined multimodality treatment for other types. Some common side effects from radiation therapy includes fatigue, skin reaction, reduce bowel movements and abdominal pain. Advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), have been shown to reduce treatment-related toxic effects in women [21].
Radiation oncology considerations
Published in Charles F. Levenback, Ate G.J. van der Zee, Robert L. Coleman, Clinical Lymphatic Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers, 2022
Gwendolyn Joyce McGinnis, Anuja Jhingran
Radiation therapy has been used to treat cancer for over a century. In recent years, radiation has become a more sophisticated tool through technological advancements that allow for improved effectiveness and minimized side effects. Radiation therapy is employed in the treatment of approximately 60% of cancer patients1 –often to complement surgical or systemic approaches to minimize the chance of microscopic residual disease. As surgical approaches become more nuanced, so must our understanding of how to best incorporate radiation therapy to maximize oncologic outcomes while minimizing short- and long-term toxicity from treatment.
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
In 1960, radiation therapy was introduced to control the local disease. In radiation therapy, there is high energy radiation that stops cell division and blocks its ability to grow by damaging the genetic material (Gianfaldoni et al. 2017). However, then, it was realised that these treatments individually were not effective and therefore combinatorial therapies were introduced to control cancer. Radiation therapy done before surgery shrinks the tumour, and if performed after, it destructs the tumour cells that are left behind, resulting in a reduction in the cancer relapse (Delaney et al. 2005; Baskar et al. 2012). The work of Hanahan and Weinberg opened new avenues for understanding and knowledge about some hidden secrets of this aggressive disease. They reported ten traits that make a normal cell become a cancerous one, namely sustaining proliferative signalling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour-promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics, and genome instability and mutation (Hanahan and Weinberg 2000, 2011). This led to development of new approaches for cancer treatment.
Impact of Aluminium phthalocyanine nanoconjugate on melanoma stem cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Bridgette Mkhobongo, Rahul Chandran, Heidi Abrahamse
Chemotherapy has the drawbacks of damaging healthy cells and having serious adverse effects on patients, including anaemia, fatigue, secondary infections, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Due to numerous resistance mechanisms, malignant melanomas only respond to these types of medications in about 20% of cases [8]. In contrast to external radiation, which is applied across a considerably greater region and is therefore viewed as less exact, internal administration precisely administers radiation exclusively to the patient’s body’s affected area. Radiation therapy has unwanted side effects that can harm healthy surrounding tissues and include skin changes, exhaustion, and nausea [9]. Unlike chemotherapy, biological treatments work by helping the immune system fight cancer rather than by directly destroying the disease’s rapidly growing cells. Due to immune-related side effects and resistance considerations, molecular-targeted treatment is not effective in all patients [10].
Long-term effects of total skin electron beam therapy for mycosis fungoides on hair and nail loss and regrowth
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Debra L. Breneman, Alyssa Breneman, Elaine Ballman, John C. Breneman
Patients were followed at regular intervals, generally weekly, while undergoing radiation therapy, and they continued to be followed post-therapy, generally at intervals of one to 3 months. Hair and nail changes were specifically assessed at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months post-therapy. Patients were evaluated for scalp hair density, color, texture, and wave, for eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair density, and for fingernail and toenail growth and abnormalities. Patients noted when hair loss began, when the maximum loss occurred, when regrowth began, the percent of hair regrown, and any changes in hair characteristics, including changes in color, texture, and wave. Patients also evaluated the percentage of eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair shed and subsequently regrown, when fingernails and toenails were lost when regrowth occurred, and what complications occurred with regrowth. Evaluations were a combination of physical examination and patient opinion. Not all assessments were performed on all patients at each visit. Data points for which patients could not remember details were not included in the data analysis.
Clinical development of an anti-GPC-1 antibody for the treatment of cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Saikat Ghosh, Pie Huda, Nicholas Fletcher, Douglas Campbell, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Bradley Walsh
Therapy using high-dose radiation is standard-of-care for many cancer patients. However, radiation therapy can also affect the nearby healthy cells causing side-effects like fatigue, nausea, hair loss, xerostomia, etc. Targeted delivery of radiation to the tumor site using radioisotope-conjugated antibodies known as radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can reduce the extent of such unwanted outcomes (Figure 2c). In addition, RIT allows for a more personalized anti-cancer therapy by avoiding a ‘one-size-fits-all’ strategy and treating tumors based on their unique biomarker expression profile. Another advantage of using an antibody-based radiopharmaceutical is the flexibility in choice of using radionuclides for either diagnostic (zirconium-89, 89Zr, positron emitter) or therapeutic (actinium-225, 225Ac, α-particle emitter) applications, or both (theranostic, lutetium-177, 177Lu, β-particle, and γ-photon emitter). Diagnostic and theranostic radiopharmaceuticals are generally used in medical imaging through modalities like positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for tumor detection, biomarker identification, and monitoring disease progression.