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Special Considerations for Men's Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
The incidence of prostate cancer is higher in the United States than among men in other countries. Several lifestyle factors may have a positive impact on slowing the progression of prostate cancer, mitigating the adverse effects of prostate cancer treatment, and improving quality of life. There is sufficient evidence of the benefit of exercise and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on prostate cancer. Men with prostate cancer reported improvements in physical functioning, quality of life, prostate cancer prognosis, and prostate cancer mortality with exercise that ranged from moderate activity (brisk walking) to vigorous activity (jogging, swimming, or biking). Pelvic floor muscle training improves incontinence, resulting in an improved quality of life. There is limited evidence that dietary lifestyle factors such as pomegranate, soy, or omega-3 fatty acids provide any clinical benefit. A healthy BMI and smoking cessation positively improve clinical outcomes and increase survival of prostate cancer patients. There is limited evidence that diets high in lycopene/tomatoes may improve prostate cancer outcomes (Zuniga et al., 2020).
Improving quality of healthcare
Published in Stephen Gillam, Paul Cosford, Leadership and Management for Doctors in Training, 2021
As well as evidence, there are other factors that need to be taken into account in introducing treatments - for instance, how easily new practice can be implemented, and its acceptability to patients. The decision to provide a treatment is based only partly on evidence. Experience and common sense also have a role in any decisions as do political concerns including the public’s views. Take, for example, screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PSA blood test has been developed as a screening test for prostate cancer. There is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness to introduce the test routinely. However, the government has made the PSA test available on request because of strong public demand for it. Sound judgement is the key to interpreting the evidence and making a decision about how to apply it to your local situation.
Dopamine and Tumorigenesis in Reproductive Tissues
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed solid tumors in men, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Western countries [88–90]. Age is the strongest risk factor for prostate cancer. Diagnosis for prostate cancer include digital rectal exam and blood PSA (prostate specific antigen) analysis. If these suggest an abnormality, ultrasound, prostate biopsy, or MRI are employed for confirmation. Given that testosterone has a strong mitogenic activity in prostate cells, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard therapy for men with de novo or recurrent metastatic prostate cancer. ADT can be achieved by the use of antiandrogens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide), androgen synthesis inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, aminoglutethamide, and abiraterone), or immunotherapy.
Older Adult Health Condition as a Moderator of How Middle-Aged Adults’ Ageist Attitudes and Aging Anxiety Relate to Their Compassion for and Emotional Distance from Older Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Hannah M. Bashian, Grace I. L. Caskie
A possible explanation for these findings may lie in the perceived impact of these health conditions. AD has no known cure and, although individuals may live up to 10 years with an AD diagnosis, their quality of life often declines significantly (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019). In contrast, the five-year survival rate for prostate cancer is nearly 100%, and nearly 98% of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer are alive after 10 years (American Cancer Society, 2018). The greater impact of AD may have evoked more compassion for middle-aged adults with higher aging anxiety but resulted in less compassion and a greater need for emotional distance for those with higher ageist attitudes. O’Connor and McFadden’s (2012) college student sample reported more pity for older adults with AD than older adults with arthritis, normal health, or unspecified health. Middle-aged adults’ greater compassion and need for emotional distance from an older adult with AD may have resulted from greater pity felt given the prognosis associated with AD.
Long noncoding RNA as a potential diagnostic tool for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Yexin Li, Chunmeng Wei, Caihong Huang, Qiang Ling, Lulu Zhang, Shengzhu Huang, Naikai Liao, Weixia Liang, Jiwen Cheng, Fubo Wang, Linjian Mo, Zengnan Mo, Longman Li
With an accurate and effective diagnosis, patients with prostate cancer can dramatically improve their five-year survival rate. There remains a clinical need to develop a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool. The implications of the results of our meta-analysis for the clinical field are as follows:This study reports on current liquid biopsy-based lncRNAs, which may be more useful than the PSA diagnostics currently used in the clinic.This meta-analysis identified PCA3 and MALAT-1 as the most reliable candidates for the current diagnosis of PCa.The AUCs for the sROC of PCA3 and MALAT-1 were 0.775 and 0.771, respectively, and therefore these lncRNAs could be further considered for the diagnosis of PCa.The results of this meta-analysis report the potential of lncRNAs (PCA3 and MALAT-1) as diagnostic tools for PCa.
Feasibility of assessing male osteoporosis using MRI IDEAL-IQ sequence of proximal femur in prostate cancer patients
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Daisuke Watanabe, Takahiro Kimura, Kazuki Yanagida, Takahiro Yoshida, Norikazu Kawae, Takahiro Nakamura, Hajime Kajihara, Akio Mizushima
ADT for prostate cancer decreases BMD and bone quality, and overall decreases bone strength in the proximal femur [21]. Clinically, ADT often lasts for more than one year, and CTIBL is a serious complication leading to decreased QOL for cancer survivors. However, the proportion of patients undergoing ADT who have received bone densitometry is inadequate, which may be attributable to the lack of interest in bone densitometry during cancer treatment. It has become a problem that many patients who need treatment for osteoporosis are undertreated or remain untreated [5,6]. Needle biopsy is a necessary test for the definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. MRI prior to biopsy is considered useful as it provides a criterion for determining the need for biopsy and improves the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer [22]. Therefore, in almost all cases, pelvic MRI is performed prior to prostate biopsy. The advantages of the IDEAL-IQ sequence in this study are: the pelvic MRI that almost all prostate cancer patients undergo can be used; the prostate and proximal femur have a common imaging range, allowing for cancer localization and bone assessment in a single session; and the MRI IDEAL-IQ can be measured in less than 35 s, reducing the burden on the clinic schedule and the patients themselves. MRI IDEAL-IQ may be a useful non-invasive test in the absence of bone densitometry services.