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A pensioner with ‘waterworks’ problems
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Symptoms that a patient with an enlarged prostate gland may suffer include: hesitancypoor streamnocturiaurgencyincreased urinary frequencypost-micturition dribblepis en deux.
Cancer Epidemiology
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
The mean ages of the Caucasian and Asian men were 62.5 and 68.5 years respectively. We need to assess the affect of age on the probability of having prostate cancer. Table 7.32 shows the number of men without cancer, the number of men with cancer and the number of men with cancer, whose Gleason score (GS) was seven or above, for each 10-year age group from 21 to 90. (The Gleason score ranges from 0 to 10, based on the appearance of cancer cells.)
Improving quality of healthcare
Published in Stephen Gillam, Paul Cosford, Leadership and Management for Doctors in Training, 2021
As well as evidence, there are other factors that need to be taken into account in introducing treatments - for instance, how easily new practice can be implemented, and its acceptability to patients. The decision to provide a treatment is based only partly on evidence. Experience and common sense also have a role in any decisions as do political concerns including the public’s views. Take, for example, screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PSA blood test has been developed as a screening test for prostate cancer. There is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness to introduce the test routinely. However, the government has made the PSA test available on request because of strong public demand for it. Sound judgement is the key to interpreting the evidence and making a decision about how to apply it to your local situation.
Feasibility of assessing male osteoporosis using MRI IDEAL-IQ sequence of proximal femur in prostate cancer patients
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Daisuke Watanabe, Takahiro Kimura, Kazuki Yanagida, Takahiro Yoshida, Norikazu Kawae, Takahiro Nakamura, Hajime Kajihara, Akio Mizushima
ADT for prostate cancer decreases BMD and bone quality, and overall decreases bone strength in the proximal femur [21]. Clinically, ADT often lasts for more than one year, and CTIBL is a serious complication leading to decreased QOL for cancer survivors. However, the proportion of patients undergoing ADT who have received bone densitometry is inadequate, which may be attributable to the lack of interest in bone densitometry during cancer treatment. It has become a problem that many patients who need treatment for osteoporosis are undertreated or remain untreated [5,6]. Needle biopsy is a necessary test for the definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. MRI prior to biopsy is considered useful as it provides a criterion for determining the need for biopsy and improves the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer [22]. Therefore, in almost all cases, pelvic MRI is performed prior to prostate biopsy. The advantages of the IDEAL-IQ sequence in this study are: the pelvic MRI that almost all prostate cancer patients undergo can be used; the prostate and proximal femur have a common imaging range, allowing for cancer localization and bone assessment in a single session; and the MRI IDEAL-IQ can be measured in less than 35 s, reducing the burden on the clinic schedule and the patients themselves. MRI IDEAL-IQ may be a useful non-invasive test in the absence of bone densitometry services.
Emerging theranostics to combat cancer: a perspective on metal-based nanomaterials
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Tejas Girish Agnihotri, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Aakanchha Jain
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another diagnostic approach by which cancer can be detected. The principal standard of care for breast cancer is mammography. However, it has some limitations such as low sensitivity to dense breast tissues and BRCA genetic mutations. Women with breast cancer can be screened with MRI scans because MRI sensitivity is independent of the density of breast tissues. Moreover, it also assists in the identification of primary tumor and residual tumor extent [24]. Multiparametric MRI has also been used as a diagnostic approach for prostate cancer. The current diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer include measuring the level of prostate-specific antigen, rectal examination, and transrectal ultrasonography-based biopsy. This could result in the overestimation or underestimation of prostate cancer diagnosis thus, generating a need for newer approaches in the field of prostate cancer diagnosis. Multiparametric MRI is especially used for providing insights into the volume, location, and focality of prostate cancer and can be used for overcoming the problems of over- and underestimation of diagnosis faced by conventional diagnostic approaches [25].
Development, evaluation, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution estimation of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for prostate cancer targeting
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Alok Nath Sharma, Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
When cells in the body begin to grow out of control, called as cancer. Cancer cells can develop in practically any part of the body and spread to other parts of the body. When cells in the prostate gland begin to grow out of control, prostate cancer develops. The prostate gland is only found in men. It produces some of the fluid found in sperm (Ostrom et al.2014). The prostate is located beneath the bladder (a hollow organ that stores urine) and in front of the rectum (the last part of the intestines). Seminal vesicles, located just behind the prostate, produce the majority of the fluid for semen. The urethra, the tube that transports urine and sperm out of the body through the penis, runs through the prostate’s core. Older males and non-Hispanic Black men are more prone to acquire prostate cancer. Men aged 65 and up account for about 6 out of every 10 instances. It is a diverse disease, with incidence rates ranging from 6.3 to 83.4 per 100,000 individuals around the world (Wang et al.2012).