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Special Considerations for Men's Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to obtain or maintain sufficient rigidity of the penis to permit satisfactory sexual performance. A common lay term used for erectile dysfunction is “impotence.” Erectile dysfunction affects about 30% to 50% of men aged 49 to 70. About 20% of the erectile dysfunction cases have an etiology of psychological causes. Approximately 80% of the erectile dysfunction cases are of organic causes, such as cardiovascular disease or spinal cord injury. Risk factors impacting the presence of erectile dysfunction are age, smoking, and obesity (Khera & Goldstein, 2011).
Dopamine Receptors, Signaling Pathways, and Drugs
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Several PDE5 inhibitors, e.g., sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra) are used to treat erectile dysfunction and have an excellent safety record [58]. Cialis is the longest acting of the three drugs and has been recently on clinical trials to treat head and neck cancer [59]. The main targets of cGMP are two kinases—PKG-I and PKG-II [60]—both of which are inhibited by KT5823. The PKG-I gene is expressed as cytosolic PKG-Iα or PKG-Iβ isoform, while the PKG-II gene is expressed as a membrane-associated PKG-II protein. The kinetics, localization and substrates of the PKG enzymes differ. The PKGs phosphorylate many downstream effectors, some of which overlap with those that are targeted by PKA, while others are distinct. In many, but not all, cell types, activated PKG leads to the suppression of cell proliferation and/or apoptosis.
The reproductive system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
Impotence or erectile dysfunction is associated with the inability of obtaining an erection necessary for successful sexual activity. Occasional erectile dysfunction, while stressful, is normal and may be related to daily life issues such as stress or lack of sleep. The majority of men experience some degree of erectile dysfunction as they age. However, the regular occurrence of erectile dysfunction may indicate the presence of an underlying physiologic or psychologic disorder and the patients should seek evaluation and treatment. Physiologic causes of erectile dysfunction may include hypertension, vascular disease, diabetes, obesity, neurologic disorders, sleep disorders, tobacco use, and surgery/treatment for prostate disorders. Psychologic causes of erectile dysfunction may include depression, anxiety and stress. A thorough physical examination with blood work and urinalysis can often identify the most common physiologic causes of erectile dysfunction. There a number of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Interventions in the Management Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Caleb Ademola Omuwa Gbiri, Joy Chukwumhua Akumabor
A total of 912 participants were randomized from the 13 included studies: 472 to the intervention group and 440 to the control group. Seventy-nine participants dropped out during the studies and were excluded from statistical analysis. The age of participants ranged from 19 to 83 years. The underlying causes for participants identifying as having erectile dysfunction included radical prostatectomy, myocardial infarction, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, venous occlusion, arterial insufficiency, and psychogenic causes. Participants with premature ejaculation were identified as having lifelong premature ejaculation. The severity of erectile dysfunction in all the studies was mild to severe. Erectile dysfunction had lasted between 6 and 360 months in most participants in the studies.
An assessment of erectile dysfunction among male diabetics attending Temba Community Health Centre, Pretoria
Published in South African Family Practice, 2019
T Bongongo, JV Ndimande, J Tumbo
Numerous male diabetics are affected by erectile dysfunction, often more than half of the sample of participants in a study, as demonstrated in the Massachusetts cohort.3 The problem can be psychological, organic or a combination of both.11 It is considered organic because there is an endothelial dysfunction that is related to vascular diseases such as hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. This dysfunction easily affects the penile arteries because of their small diameter (2 millimetres or smaller). There are risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction: ageing, some medications, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, drug abuse and obesity), some health conditions such as depression, stroke, low testosterone and others. Erectile dysfunction can pave the way for screening for cardiovascular diseases and the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) are effective when used for erectile dysfunction.11
Oral probenecid improves sperm motility in men with spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2018
Emad Ibrahim, Teodoro C. Aballa, Charles M. Lynne, Nancy L. Brackett
Most men with spinal cord injury (SCI) are infertile due to a combination of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, and abnormal semen quality. Therapies are available for erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction in this patient population.1,2 To date, however, no therapy is available for their abnormal semen quality, which is characterized by normal sperm count, but abnormally low sperm motility and viability.3,4 Evidence suggests that inflammatory factors in the semen contribute to the problem. For example, inflammatory cytokines are elevated in semen of men with SCI.5,6 Neutralization of these cytokines improves sperm motility.7,8 Furthermore, proteins contributing to the release of these cytokines (i.e. constituents of the inflammasome signaling mechanism) are more prevalent in semen of men with SCI than controls.9 Blocking these proteins in vitro improves sperm motility.10