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Alnus glutinosa (Alder) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Devashree N. Patil, Swati T. Gurme, Pankaj S. Mundada, Jyoti. P. Jadhav
Methanolic extract of A. glutinosa seeds displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750, Escherichia coli NCIMB 8110, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 6376, Escherichia coli NCIMB 4174, Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 9528, Citrobacter freundii NCTC 9750, and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 11940 (methicillin-resistant) (Middleton et al., 2005).
Epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp.: Surveillance and Management of Outbreaks
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
M.-L. Joly-Guillou, C. Brun-Buisson
Infected or colonised patients seem to be the primary reservoir of A. baumannii in hospitals, and contaminated equipment is a frequent source of infections; however, the way(s) in which the organism spreads from patient to patient is less clear. As indicated previously, staff hand carriage from contact with an infected patient is the most likely mode of transmission, which may also involve indirect hand contamination from contact with inanimate objects. Musa et al. (1990) studied the survival of A. baumannii and A. Iwoffii on human skin (Figure 4.4). There is evidence to suggest that Acinetobacter survives better on fingertips than other Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella aerogenes, E. coli, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa (Casewell and Desai, 1983; Ayliffe et al., 1988). From an Acinetobacter inoculum of about 2 x 106 cfu/finger, up to 102 cfu/finger were recovered 1 h after inoculation. The relatively short survival time observed on fingertips, compared to survival on dry surfaces, has been attributed to antimicrobial action on the surface of palmar skin. However, even survival for 1 h on skin provides ample opportunity for transmission in the absence of appropriate hand-washing and disinfection procedures.
Consideration of Glutamine Synthetase as a Multifunctional Protein
Published in James F. Kane, Multifunctional Proteins: Catalytic/Structural and Regulatory, 2019
The glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli has been extensively studied and the information reviewed.4,7 Although there are properties that differ for the glutamine synthetases from E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae, the characteristics described for the enzyme from E. coli are generally applicable to these proteins.8 The enzyme has a molecular weight of 600,000 daltons and is composed of 12 identical subunits with a molecular weight of about 50,000 daltons each. Electron micrographs of purified glutamine synthetase show that the subunits are arranged in a hexagonal bilayer with a layer of six subunits superimposed on the other.6,9 These bilayered molecules can polymerize face to face, to form long strands which wind around each other to form three- and seven-stranded cables.10,11
Orbital cellulitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis with contralateral sinus disease in a COVID-19 positive adolescent patient
Published in Orbit, 2023
Amelia S. Lawrence, David G. Stoddard, Craig N. Czyz, Thomas E. Richardson, Kevin S. Michels
The patient underwent urgent surgical intervention with comprehensive endoscopic sinus surgery including frontal sinusotomy, total ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy with tissue removal, maxillary antrostomy with tissue removal and left medial orbital decompression. While doing an isolated medial wall decompression via an orbital approach might be considered controversial in the setting of CST, there is a greater level of precision offered via the sinus endoscopic approach that negates the majority of the potential complications one might encounter from an orbital approach. Further, the clinical decision to open the left medial orbital wall was made in an attempt to reduce the likelihood of orbital abscess formation. Purulence cultured from the sinuses was positive for Klebsiella aerogenes and Streptococcus intermedius, but multiple blood cultures were negative.
The BioWipe: a non-invasive method to detect intestinal carriage of multi-drug resistant GRAM-negative bacteria
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Emanuele Sozzi, Luther Bartelt, Jamie Xiao, Trey Kanumuambidi, Arash Naziripour, Laura Ruegsegger, Dylan Brown, Felicia Williams, Yuang Zhu, Xiao Bin Zhu, Tarun Prakash, Berkley Wood, Jatin Chandra Srivastava, Megan A. Stallard, Steven H. Marshall, Susan D. Rudin, Mark D. Sobsey, Robert A. Bonomo, David van Duin
Overall, concordance between cultures from whole stool and BioWipe samples was seen in 18/27 (66%) paired samples. In 9/27 (33%) paired samples, cultures from neither the whole stool nor the BioWipe sample resulted in growth of any Gram-negative bacteria. In 9/27 (33%) paired samples, the same bacteria were recovered from both sample types; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 1), and Enterobacter bugandensis (n = 1). In three of these nine positive paired samples, additional bacteria were recovered from the BioWipe sample that were not recovered from the whole stool sample; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 1), K. pneumoniae (n = 1), and Achromobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. with S. maltophilia (n = 1). In 6/27 (22%), bacteria were only isolated from cultures from the BioWipe sample; Pseudomonas spp. (n = 4), Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 1), and P. aeruginosa with Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that Gram-negative MDRO found only as part of the skin microbiome and not in the intestinal microbiome may be detected by the BioWipe. Skin carriage of Gram-negative MDRO is common in burn patients [4]. In 3/27 (11%), bacteria were only isolated from cultures from the whole stool sample; P. aeruginosa (n = 1), E. coli (n = 1), and E. cloacae (n = 1).
Increasing incidence of pyogenic liver abscess in Southern Sweden: a population-based study from 2011 to 2020
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Emma Svensson, Astrid Jönsson, Anna Bläckberg, Torgny Sunnerhagen, Ali Kiasat, Oskar Ljungquist
Blood cultures were obtained in 93% (n = 350) of all episodes of PLA and 54% (n = 188) were positive (Supplementary Table A2). Monomicrobial results were found in 73% (n = 138) of blood cultures, and the most common pathogens were Streptococcus spp. 29%, n = 40), E. coli (19%, n = 26) and Klebsiella spp. (17%, n = 24). The most common Streptococcus species belonged to the Streptococcus anginosus complex (n = 37, 93%). Klebsiella species found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%, n = 21), Klebsiella oxytoca group (1%, n = 2) and Klebsiella aerogenes (1%, n = 1; Supplementary Table A3).