China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
EPSs synthesized from this origin have a novel chemical composition with a wide range of biological and metal-binding properties (Guezennec, 2002). Alteromonas macleodii is an aerobic mesophilic bacterium isolated from the hydrothermal vent (depth of 2600 m) from the North Fiji Basin. The maximum production of EPSs was observed during the stationary phase in marine Alteromonas 1644 isolated from deepsea hydrothermal vents (Samain et al., 1997), strain 4004 belonging to genus Geobacillus cultured from sea sand in Ischia island, Italy (Moriello et al., 2003) and a new strain of Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from a marine hot-spring volcano island (Maugeri et al., 2002). A strain of Alteromonas macleodiialso has been similarly reported for maximum EPS production in the stationary phase (6000 mg/L at 60 h of incubation).
Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Almelysin, a new metalloproteinase with significant efficiency in low temperatures, is also other proteinase isolated from the culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. The metalloprotease secreted by Alteromonas sp. is essential in the strain’s chitin degradation pathway. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. has been found as a protamine-reducing marine bacterium obtained from marine soil. Extremophile hydrolases have benefits over chemical biocatalysts. These catalysts are non- polluting, environmentally acceptable, extremely specific, and occur in mild reaction circumstances. Such hydrolases may activate in the form of organic liquids, which is crucial for the production of single-isomer chiral medicines. These hydrolases have been used in a variety of ways. L-asparaginase is a hydrolase which produces L-aspartic and ammonia from L-asparagine. L-glutaminase activities is also present in this enzyme. Antileukemia/antilymphoma drugs made from microbial L-asparaginase preparations for biomedical applications presently account for one-third of global demand. L-asparaginases have been widely utilized in children particularly its act as chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is considerably greater than various therapeutic enzymes. L-asparaginase has been treated as an anti-tumor therapy in non-lymphoma, bovine lymphoma sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin’s pancreatic carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, reticulum sarcoma, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, melanoma sarcoma and acute myelocytic leukemia.
Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Ritchie et al. (2017) reported that several bacterial strains isolated from this species showed broadest spectra of antibacterial activity. Among these strains, Bacillus sp. (803E6) exhibited significant activity against MRSA, MSSA, VRE, and B. subtilis with inhibition zone values of 7.5, 8.5, 4.5, and 10 mm, respectively; Halomonas sp. (803D5) against MRSA (>10 mm); Shewanella sp. (806B10), Alteromonas sp. (806B11) against MSSA (>10 mm), and Vibrio sp. against VRE.
Characterization and removal of biofouling from reverse osmosis membranes (ROMs) from a desalination plant in Northern Chile, using Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM supernatant
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Hernán Vera-Villalobos, Vilma Pérez, Francisco Contreras, Valezka Alcayaga, Vladimir Avalos, Carlos Riquelme, Fernando Silva-Aciares
The bacterial strain Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM (Zapata et al. 2007) produces a thermostable, extracellular, peptide-like compound that exhibits inhibitory effects on the adhesion capabilities of some planktonic species and marine benthic microorganisms involved in biofouling (Zapata et al. 2007; Silva-Aciares and Riquelme 2008; Infante et al. 2018). The present study aimed to characterize the microbial community of ROMs using 16 rRNA gene metabarcoding and to test the efficacy of the supernatant from Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM against bacterial and diatom species occurring on ROMs through laboratory-level bioassays, as a basis for the application of this supernatant as an anti-biofilm solution for ROMs in desalination plants in future miniature/pilot scale studies.
Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88–/– Mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Sreeram Udayan, Panagiota Stamou, Fiona Crispie, Ana Hickey, Alexandria N. Floyd, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Paul D. Cotter, Orla O’Sullivan, Silvia Melgar, Paul W. O’Toole, Rodney D. Newberry, Valerio Rossini, Ken Nally
To investigate if the higher recoverability of L. johnsonii from the systemic tissues of MyD88−/− mice might be due to its higher relative abundance in the GIT of these mice in comparison to WT animals, total tissue DNA was isolated from the stomach, small intestine (SI), cecum, colon and stool of both mouse strains and subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing (Figure 2a-f). In addition, as controls total DNA was isolated from the gut tissues of GF mice and DNA extraction kits to identify potential environmental/reagent contaminants (Figure 2a-f). The raw sequencing reads from tissue samples were at least 75-fold higher than the kit-reagent control (Supplementary material 5). The average microbial sequence reads in intestinal tissues and stool samples were higher in WT and MyD88−/− mice in comparison to germ-free mice (Supplementary material 5). Extraction reagents used in genomic DNA extraction (referred here as reagent control) have been reported to consist of contaminating microbial reads.24 We identified shotgun reads positive for bacteria such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methylobacterium sp., Alteromonas mediterranea in all of the tested samples including reagent control and germ-free tissues suggesting they represent the reagent microbiome (Figure 2a-f). However, WT and MyD88−/− mice tissue samples consisted of more diverse and distinct microbial reads (Figure 2a-f) which were positive for different gut-resident bacteria (Supplementary material 6). The proportion of sequencing reads corresponding to L. johnsonii was substantially higher in the GIT tissues (stomach, SI, cecum, and colon) and stool of MyD88−/− mice in comparison to their proportions in WT mice (Figure 2f). In addition, higher systemic dissemination of L. johnsonii was observed in MyD88−/− mice compared to WT mice.