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Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
Supragingival plaque associated with healthy gingivae is relatively thin (<20 cells in thickness) and consists largely of Gram-positive coccoid organisms such as Streptococcus sanguis, S. mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, Staphylococcus epidermis and Rothia dentocariosa. Occasionally a few Gram-negative organisms, usually Veillonella parvula, can be detected.82,116,139
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Nocardia spp. are Pen G resistant (Gutmann et al., 1983). Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive aerobic coccobacillus. It was previously known only as an animal pathogen, but is now well described as a cause of infections, especially among the immunocompromised, including patients with AIDS, in whom it usually causes a necrotizing pneumonia. Rhodococcus equi is Pen G resistant but is generally susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol (Emmons et al., 1991). The rare human pathogen Rothia dentocariosa is usually, but not always, Pen G sensitive (Pape et al., 1979; Schafer et al., 1979; Anderson et al., 1993; Sudduth et al., 1993).
Composition and Diversity of Human Oral Microbiome
Published in Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Microbial Biofilms, 2017
Preethi Balan, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne and Wim Crielaard
In one of the earliest studies on the human oral microbiome, Aas and colleagues analysed nine oral sites from five clinically healthy subjects to determine the site and subject specificity of bacterial colonisation using ABI 3100 DNA sequencer [10]. The species that were found to be common to all oral sites belonged to the genera Streptococcus, Veillonella, Gemella, and Granulicatella. However, some species were site specific. The predominant species on the tooth surface were Streptococcus sp. clone EK048, S. sanguinis, and S. gordonii, and Rothia dentocariosa, G. hemolysans, G. adiacens, Actinomyces sp. clone BL008 and Abiotrophia defectiva. In subgingival plaque, several species of Streptococcus and Gemella were often detected. S. mitis biovar 2 was present at the lateral side of the tongue while being absent on the tongue dorsum. On the hard palate, the predominant bacterial species included S. mitis, S. mitis biovar 2, Streptococcus sp. clone FN051, Streptococcus infantis, Granulicatella elegans, G. hemolysans, and Neisseria subflava. On the soft palate, S. mitis, other cultivable and not-yet-cultivable species of Streptococcus, G. adiacens and G. hemolysans were predominant. Following this study, Egija Zaura and colleagues examined the diversity and uniqueness of individual oral microbiomes using pyrosequencing for the first time [18]. In this study it was observed that the cheek samples were the least diverse while the dental samples showed the highest diversity. Principal component analysis discriminated the profiles of the samples originating from shedding mucosal surfaces from the samples that were obtained from the non-shedding surfaces [18].
Atypical Keratitis Caused by Rothia Dentocariosa
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Blake Williams, Mansab Jafri, Safa Arfeen, James J. Reidy, Seenu M. Hariprasad, Asim V. Farooq
Rothia dentocariosa is a gram positive commensal bacterium of the oropharynx, occurring in 29 percent of healthy individuals.1 It may be coccoid or rod-shaped, and may take on a filamentous morphology (Figure 1).2 It has been isolated from periodontal lesions, which may be a source of bacteremia leading to extraoral infections.3 It has been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and cerebral abscess.4–9 Ocular involvement is exceedingly rare. There have been two reports of endophthalmitis and one report of keratitis involving this organism.10–12 Here we report a case of infectious keratitis that was culture positive for Rothia dentocariosa. To our knowledge, this is the second known case of keratitis, and the first to demonstrate a branching morphology.