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Campylobacter
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Hongsheng Huang, Catherine D. Carrillo, Emma Sproston
The Campylobacter genus belongs to the family Campylobacteraceae proposed in 1991, the order Campylobacterales, the class Epsilonproteobacteria, and the phylum Proteobacteria. The class Epsilonproteobacteria presently comprises four closely related genera: Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Dehalospirillum, and Sulfurospirillum (http://www.bacterio.net/index.html). The taxonomy of the family Campylobacteraceae has transformed extensively since its beginning in 1963 (30). The genus Campylobacter was established in 1963 with Campylobacter fetus as the species type (7). Now the genus has 29 valid or newly identified species, 10 subspecies, and 4 biovars (Table 27.1). As of 2014, no disease association in humans has been reported for C. avium, C. canadensis, C. corcagiensis, C. cuniculorum, C. lanienae, C. lari subsp. concheus, C. peloridis, C. subantarcticus, C. troglodytis, C. volucris, “Campylobacter sp. Dolphin DP,” and “Campylobacter sp. Prairie Dog” (28).
Campylobacter Jejuni Infection
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
The family Campylobacteraceae includes the genera Campylobacter and Arcobacter. These are taxonomically closely related to the family Helicobacteraceae, which contains many Helicobacter species, notably H. pylori, which was initially thought to be a Campylobacter species. Both families lay within the epsilonproteobacteria. There are over 20 species of Campylobacter, but C. jejuni causes most infections.
Marine biofilm bacterial community response and carbon steel loss following Deepwater Horizon spill contaminant exposure
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Rachel L. Mugge, Jason S. Lee, Treva T. Brown, Leila J. Hamdan
Studies using microcosms to monitor the response of pelagic bacterial communities to oil exposure have revealed patterns of community succession (Baelum et al. 2012; Brakstad et al. 2015; Hu et al. 2017). However, little is known about how spill contaminants impact biofilm succession (Jiao et al. 2017). Observed changes in OTU abundance in treatments compared to the controls were used to inform how HEWAF (oil), CEWAF (dispersed oil) and Corexit (dispersant) impacted biofilm formation and fitness over a 14-week period. The Epsilonproteobacteria include chemolithoautotrophic bacteria which are able to oxidize sulfur and reduce nitrate (Lormières and Oger 2017). Some have been shown to inhabit and dominate hydrothermal vent environments, where they thrive in the presence of oil and likely oxidize the sulfur compounds in crude oil (Sogin et al. 2006; Lormières and Oger 2017). Epsilonproteobacteria sequences markedly increased during weeks 4–8 in the oil and dispersant treatments relative to the control, but not in the dispersed oil treatments where greatest metal loss was observed (Figure 3).
The role of iron-oxidizing bacteria in biocorrosion: a review
Published in Biofouling, 2018
At approximately the same time, the work of Dang et al (2011) looked at short-term (seven day), in situ colonization patterns of MS in coastal waters of China. They found a diverse community of organisms colonized the steel surfaces, and predominant among these were members of the Zetaproteobacteria. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed numbers of Zetaproteobacteria increased by at least four orders of magnitude during the week long duration of the incubation, indicating these putative FeOB were actively growing on the steel surface. A subsequent successional study of longer duration done on the coast of Maine showed a similar pattern (McBeth & Emerson 2016). In this case MS coupons were incubated in both brackish and fully saline coastal seawaters for up to 43 days. In both environments a diverse community was found associated with the coupon surfaces that, in part, reflected the communities of nearby sediment, indicating recruitment of microbial taxa from the sediments. Zetaproteobacteria were present in both cases and accounted for up to 1–2% of the community. A pattern was seen where Zetaproteobacteria tended to be earlier colonizers, eg at 3–13 days, but then either remained static or declined in numbers at longer time periods (i.e. >2 weeks). Members of the Deltaproteobacteria consistent with recognized taxa of SRBs were present and showed an increase in numbers with time. In another parallel to the earlier work of Dang et al. (2011), a substantial presence of Epsilonbacteraeota, the bacterial phylum formerly classified as the class Epsilonproteobacteria (Waite et al. 2017), was found in these incubations. These included relatives of known sulfur-oxidizing genera like Sulfurimonas (family Helicobacteraceae) and Arcobacter (family Campylobacteraceae).