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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Mitomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces caespitosus and other Streptomyces bacterial species. Bioreduced mitomycin C generates oxygen radicals, alkylates DNA, and produces inter-strand DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Preferentially toxic to hypoxic cells, this agent also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis at high concentrations. Mitomycin C is indicated for treatment of malignant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive organs, peritoneum, female breast, and urinary bladder (1).
How to master MCQs
Published in Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel, Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
Mitomycin C is isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus and acts as an alkylating agent which inhibits DNA synthesis. In ophthalmology, it is used mainly to prevent pterygium recurrence and in high-risk trabeculectomies. Mitomycin C is a more potent anti-metabolite than 5-FU and its use in glaucoma is isolated, with an increased risk of wound leak and hypotony.
Controlled release of mitomycin C from PHEMAH–Cu(II) cryogel membranes
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Monireh Bakhshpour, Handan Yavuz, Adil Denizli
Mitomycin C (MMC) is a DNA alkylating agent and used in chemotherapeutic treatments owing to its non-specific antitumor activity. MMC is a natural product obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces caespitosus. MMC has been used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal, lung, uterus, head and neck, pancreas and bladder cancer and chronic leukemia [5]. MMC shows antitumor effect by inhibiting DNA replication as it binds to the DNA in tumor cells by forming cross-links between the two arms of the DNA double helix [6,7]. MMC has a number of acute and chronic toxicities that limits its use in the clinical applications. Various delivery methods have been shown to lessen the toxic effects of MMC. One of the most efficient approaches for the drug delivery is molecular imprinting method [8,9].
Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Dhamraa W. Al-Dulaimi, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Hussein M. Baharetha, Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed, Sarah Furqan Faisal, Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour, Chern Ein Oon, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid, Loiy E. Ahmed Hassan
It is thought that cancer and other mutation-related diseases may be prevented by avoiding exposures to risk factors and by consumption of chemopreventive natural compounds which can modulate the endogenous cellular defense and repair mechanisms. Mitomycin C (MMC) is a chemotherapeutic antitumor drug and antibiotic with extraordinary ability to crosslink DNA with high efficiency. It is isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces caespitosus and used against solid tumors (Patil et al.2016). MMC generates oxygen radicals (Shi et al.2013), alkylates DNA and produces interstrand DNA cross links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis (Cheung-Ong et al.2013). However, it also induced damages in nontumor cells resulting in unwanted side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and other negative symptoms. The use of additional supportive treatment to ameliorate the negative symptoms associated with chemotherapy is thus becoming increasingly important to improve compliance. Numerous agents are currently being investigated as additional supportive therapy. In general, promising pharmacological agents should be effective in reducing the side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy are not antagonistic and at the same time cause little side effects on their own. Certain phytochemicals from plants have been shown to be promising candidates for this purpose due to their synergistic properties when given with chemotherapy as well as their cytoprotective properties on normal cells. In addition, many plant phytochemicals have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, delay metastasis and inhibit angiogenesis but little effect on normal healthy cells (Hosseini and Ghorbani 2015).
Emerging therapeutic targets for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
Amir Kalani, James H. Tabibian, Keith D. Lindor
Mitomycins are a family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus and other Streptomyces species, which exhibit antineoplastic antibiotic properties. The actions of mitomycin C include crosslinking DNA, inhibiting protein translation, and impeding fibroblast growth or inducing apoptotic death [97,98]. It is currently used as an anti-scar forming agent topically and intravenously as a chemotherapeutic for various cancers such as stomach and pancreas [99]. Currently there is a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy of intrabilliary instillation of mitomycin C during ERCP on survival in and progression of PSC (ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01688024).