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Epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp.: Surveillance and Management of Outbreaks
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
M.-L. Joly-Guillou, C. Brun-Buisson
The normal habitat of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus sensu stricto, as described originally by Beijerinck (1911), is soil. This species is seldom associated with human infection, and the identification of the strains responsible for the rare cases of infection described in the literature has been discussed by Tjernberg and Ursing (1989).
Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
Bushmann and Ailstock prepared a methanolic extract from R. maritima and tested it for antibacterial activity against M. luteus, S. pyogenes, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, S. aureus, Micrococcus roseus, B. cereus, S. epidermidis, S. faecalis, Aerococcus viridans, Listonella anguillarum, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, where ZOI ranging between 1 and 9 mm were noted. No inhibition was noted against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, E. coli, E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, and Y. ruckeri (Bushmann and Ailstock 2006).
Pefloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Pefloxacin penetrates well into the CSF of patients with meningitis, and achieves reasonable levels in brain tissue (Modai, 1991; Scheld, 1989; Tunkel and Scheld, 2003; see section 5b, Drug distribution). Pefloxacin is associated with a reasonably high rate of cure for Gram-negative bacillary meningitis, in which scenarios it is generally administered to adults at doses of 800 mg i.v. twice daily. This has included good clinical outcomes for infections due to P. aeruginosa or Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and those that followed neurosurgical operations. However, these reports included failures due to superinfection, reinfection, or treatment failure (Modai, 1991, Segev et al., 1990). Additional case reports have described therapeutic success with pefloxacin in the treatment of Morganella morganii meningitis in an adult, and ventriculitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonate (Isaacs and Ellis-Pegler, 1987; Linder et al., 1994). In general, clinical experience of fluoroquinolone use in relation to this indication is greater for the other fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (see Chapter 101, Ciprofloxacin).
Prevalence of Acb and non-Acb complex in elderly population with urinary tract infection (UTI)
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Smiline Girija AS, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Paramasivam A
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii complex [Acb complex] with A. calcoaceticus and A. baumannii and the other species of Acinetobacter genus constituting A. lwoffii, A. hemolyticus, A. jhonsonii, A. pitti, A. radioresistens and A. nosocomialis are reported as priority pathogens causing nosocomial infections and various other recalcitrant infections [1]. Acinetobacter species has been genotyped into various groups by DNA–DNA hybridisation studies [2]. Most of the species are considered as saprophytic pathogens habituating the soil and environment, and its role as a nosocomial pathogen is recently an explorable fact [3]. Acinetobacter sp., is a gram negative coccobacilli and a strict aerobe and has been implicated in hospital-acquired infections [HAI], community-acquired pneumonia [CAP], ventilator- associated pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis [4]. Of the Acinetobacter, A. baumannii has been recognised as a potent pathogen either as mono-microbial or as poly-microbial pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs), secondary meningitis, infective endocarditis and wound and burn infections [5].
Effect of quorum sensing and quenching molecules on inter-kingdom biofilm formation by Penicillium expansum and bacteria
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Tiago Barros Afonso, Lúcia Chaves Simões, Nelson Lima
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Methylobacterium oryzae were previously isolated from a model laboratory DWDS by Simões et al. (2007b). These were chosen for being representative of drinking water bacteria and due to their ability to form complex single species biofilms as well as inter-kingdom biofilms with this fungus (Simões et al. 2010, Afonso et al. 2019). A. calcoaceticus was grown overnight while M. oryzae was grown for 72 h before the start of the assay. The bacteria were grown in batch cultures using 100 ml of R2A broth (yeast extract 0.5 g, proteose peptone 0.5 g, casein hydrolysate 0.5 g, glucose 0.5 g, soluble starch 0.5 g, dipotassium phosphate 0.3 g, magnesium sulphate 0.024 g, sodium pyruvate 0.3 g, distilled water 1 l) at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and under agitation (150 rpm). Afterwards, the bacteria were harvested by centrifugation (10 min at 13,000 g, room temperature), washed twice in 0.1 M saline phosphate buffer, and resuspended in a volume of R2A broth to obtain a cellular density of 108 cells ml−1. This was the bacterial concentration used for biofilm formation assays.
In vitro assessment of inter-kingdom biofilm formation by bacteria and filamentous fungi isolated from a drinking water distribution system
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Tiago Barros Afonso, Lúcia Chaves Simões, Nelson Lima
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Methylobacterium oryzae were previously isolated from model laboratory DWDS by Simões et al. (2007b). They were chosen for being representative of drinking water bacteria and due to their ability to form complex biofilms (Simões et al. 2010). A. calcoaceticus was grown overnight while M. oryzae was grown for 72 h before the start of the assay. The bacteria were grown in batch cultures using 100 ml of R2A broth (yeast extract 0.5 g, proteose peptone 0.5 g, casein hydrolysate 0.5 g, glucose 0.5 g, soluble starch 0.5 g, dipotassium phosphate 0.3 g, magnesium sulphate 0.024 g, sodium pyruvate 0.3 g, distilled water 1 l) at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and under agitation (150 rpm). Afterwards, the bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation (10 min at 13,000 ×g, room temperature), washed three times in 0.1 M saline phosphate buffer, and resuspended in a volume of R2A to obtain a cellular density of 1 × 108 cells ml−1. This was the bacterial concentration used for biofilm formation assays.