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Urbanisation and Globally Networked Cities
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Among the many urban dwellers such as rodents, birds and microbes that mostly remain invisible to the human eye, insects have recently come under close scrutiny. Among them, mosquitoes play an important role for a growing number of outbreaks, as species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have successfully accommodated to human habitation patterns and thus become endemic in many urban areas (Rigau Pérez et al., 1998). The insects emerge, for example, from neglected swimming pools in the US (Reisen et al., 2008) or find breeding sites in urban household wastes such as pitchers, coconut shells, vases or plastic containers (Banerjee et al., 2013), questioning and transgressing any assumed dialectical relationships between ‘natural’ sites and urban environments.
The Aedes Fauna: Different Aedes Species Inhabiting the Earth
Published in Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja, Small Bite, Big Threat, 2020
Annette Angel, Bennet Angel, Neelam Yadav, Jagriti Narang, Surender Singh Yadav, Vinod Joshi
Aedes polynesiensis is yet another species of the genus Aedes. It was first described by Marks in 1951. It is commonly called as the Polynesian tiger mosquito. Other names in use are Stegomyia polynesiensis (Reinert et al., 2004). The adult mosquito is similar to Aedes albopictus in appearance as shown in Fig. 2.15. There is a supra-alar white line but no lyre-shaped silvery markings on the mesonotum and is a bit brownish in color.
Diagnostic Approach to Rash and Fever in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Lee S. Engel, Charles V. Sanders, Fred A. Lopez
Dengue is a flavivirus comprised of four serotypes, i.e., DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Dengue viruses are transmitted from person to person through infected female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is a secondary vector that can survive cooler environments, which makes it capable of spreading dengue to North America and Europe [78]. The mosquito acquires the virus by taking a blood meal from an infected human or monkey. The virus incubates in the mosquito for 7–10 days before it can transmit the infection.
Evaluation of surface versus total permethrin content in permethrin-treated clothing: Implications for protection against mosquitoes
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2022
Adam Vang, Avian V. White, Jo Anne G. Balanay, Robin Tutor Marcom, Stephanie L. Richards
Mosquitoes are expanding their geographic range due, in part, to climate change [11]. One way Integrated Mosquito Management Programs (IMMP) control mosquitoes is by applying insecticides [12]. Surveillance has shown a correlation between over-application of insecticides and development of insecticide resistance (IR) in mosquitoes [12]. Pre- and post-treatment efficacy surveillance conducted by IMMPs can help determine the extent to which IR exists in a mosquito population[12]. Aedes albopictus can transmit dengue virus, the cause of a globally prevalent vector-borne disease (dengue fever)[13]. Increased use of insecticides can also increase IR in Ae. albopictus and other mosquitoes [13] as resistance can be passed onto offspring [14]. With increasing IR, PPE used to deter pests such as PTC should be routinely assessed for effectiveness. Innovative development of PPE such as PTC and/or different types of breathable textiles with tight enough weave to prevent mosquito biting without the use of insecticides are needed [15].
Egg data validation in quantitative monitoring of Aedes albopictus in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Marco Carrieri, Alessandro Albieri, Lisa Gentili, Marta Bacchi, Anna Maria Manzieri, Paola Angelini, Claudio Venturelli, Carmela Matrangolo, Marilena Leis, Marco Pezzi, Monica Rani, Rocco Silvio Iezzi, Sabrina Melotti, Alice Casari, Romeo Bellini
Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species that has spread rapidly in many regions in recent decades [1–3]. This species is a major public health concern due to its vector capacity in relation to arboviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) [4–6]. In southern Europe, Ae. albopictus shows the capacity of causing local CHIKV outbreaks as has been observed in northern Italy in 2007 [6] and in central-southern Italy in 2017 [7], as well as in southern France in 2014 [8]. Small foci of DENV have been observed in the south of France in 2010 [9], in 2013 [10] and in 2015 (http://www.invs.sante.fr/Dossiers-thematiques/Maladies-infectieuses/Maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/Chikungunya/Donnees- epidemiologiques/France-metropolitaine/Chikungunya-et- dengue-Donnees-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-en-France- metropolitaine-en-2015), as well as in Croatia in 2010 [11] and Spain in 2018 [12].
Transmission dynamics of dengue and chikungunya in a changing climate: do we understand the eco-evolutionary response?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Yesim Tozan, Henrik Sjödin, Ángel G. Muñoz, Joacim Rocklöv
In the past few decades, we have seen an alarming upsurge of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases in concert with the global spread of their mosquito vectors [1]. The most prominent among those are dengue and chikungunya because of their ability to cause large and periodic epidemics in endemic settings [2–6], particularly affecting densely populated tropical urban areas. Both dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Both vectors are highly competent and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas [7]. More recently, Ae. albopictus has gained a strong foothold in temperate areas by adapting to cooler climates and has led to outbreaks in naïve populations where travel-related virus introduction risk has been on the rise, driven by increasing human mobility and connectivity [8].