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Microbiological control of raw materials
Published in R. M. Baird, S. F. Bloomfield, Microbial quality assurance in cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile Pharmaceuticals, 2017
Deionization beds are prone to contamination because they must be protected from the chlorine which acts as a bacteriostat in potable water. A new technology rapidly gaining acceptance is continuous electrode-ionization (Gallantree 1994) where a direct electric field is used in combination with ion exchange membranes and resins to remove ions from water. This system also appears to reduce the numbers of micro-organisms, possibly since they act as charged particles.
The Study of the Effect of UV-C Radiation on the Current–Voltage Characteristics of Chitosan Membranes
Published in Pandit B. Vidyasagar, Sagar S. Jagtap, Omprakash Yemul, Radiation in Medicine and Biology, 2017
Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, Made Sumadiyasa, Putu Erika Winasri
The numerous membranes have been developed for use in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, pervaporation separation, and electrodialysis and in medical use such as artificial kidney [6]. Among these membranes, ion-exchange membranes are one of the advanced separation membranes. It has been used not only as electrodialysis concentration or desalting of solutions, diffusion dialysis to recover acids and electrolysis of sodium chloride solution but also in various fields as a polymeric film having ionic groups [7].
Copper oxide nanoparticles for the removal of divalent nickel ions from aqueous solution
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Monika Jain, Mithilesh Yadav, Smita Chaudhry
Nickel laden wastewater can be treated using diverse conventional techniques such as chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, membrane filtration, solvent extraction, electrodialysis and adsorption (Jain et al.2014, Nithya et al.2018). However, these techniques are expensive and not effective. Hence, there is a need to search other suitable methods for the efficient uptake of heavy metals like nickel from wastewaters. Adsorption is one such method that can solve this problem because it is simple, cheaper, ecofriendly and no byproducts are released (Gunasundari and Kumar, 2017). Scientists have constantly been searching newer methods to obtain improved quality of water, since both quality and safety of water are an important aspect in the health and the economy of a country. This research focused on nanotechnology that has emerged as an effective technique for the uptake of heavy metals from wastewaters.