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Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis *
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Bock et al.43 evaluated the impact of semipermeable gloves on barrier recovery after standardized irritation with SLS. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were exposed to 1% SLS for 24 h on 4 test areas on normal skin on the upper back. Each test area was covered with semipermeable membranes (Goretex, Sympatex) and an occlusive membrane (Meditrate Vinyl), and one test area was left uncovered as control, respectively. Barrier repair on each test area was measured by TEWL and erythema. Results showed that areas covered with semipermeable membrane had enhanced barrier recovery and reduced inflammatory response compared to occluded areas and control. TEWL in areas covered with semipermeable membranes were significantly lower than in occluded areas and uncovered areas. This indicates that a semipermeable membrane can aid with barrier recovery rates by providing optimal water vapor gradient during the healing process.
Nanomedicine Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saima Zulfiqar, Zunaira Naeem, Shahzad Sharif, Ayoub Rashid Ch., M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Almost 50% of people suffering from COVID have kidney injury and need renal replacement therapy (RRT). When such patients do not get kidney transplanted in time, their survival rate lowers day by day [213, 214]; as, kidney removes toxic material from blood, supports fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and help in bone mineralization. In case of kidney failure, hemodialysis is preferred to remove the toxins from blood; in this process, two parallel membranes are used, one containing patient’s blood and other semi-permeable membrane containing dialyzer that absorbs toxins and excess electrolytes from blood across their concentration gradients. In this way, the patient’s blood is free from any harmful material, while diasylate is used for once.
Introduction: Background Material
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
It is convenient to invoke semipermeable membranes in discussing ionic equilibriums, where a semipermeable membrane is a membrane that selectively allows certain substances to pass freely through the membrane in either direction while blocking other substances.
Tissue engineering approaches and generation of insulin-producing cells to treat type 1 diabetes
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Mozafar Khazaei, Fatemeh Khazaei, Elham Niromand, Elham Ghanbari
IPCs, produced from diverse stem cell sources, can be engrafted in vivo. Encapsulating these cells before the implant are promising strategy for treating T1D that avoids the usage of systemic immunosuppression. To protect the graft against allogenic reactions and/or autoantibodies, immune-isolation is required [119]. Cell encapsulation inside a biocompatible semipermeable membrane is commonly used to create this state. These encapsulation devices must also meet certain requirements. The permeability of such a membrane must permit unrestricted nutrients, small molecular and oxygen exchange, as well as excellent insulin kinetics in response to blood glucose variations. Furthermore, they should prevent the passage of high molecular weight complexes such as immune cells and cytokines [66].
Development and evaluation of surfactant-based elastic vesicular system for transdermal delivery of Cilostazole: ex-vivo permeation and histopathological evaluation studies
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Asmaa Ashraf Nemr, Galal Mohamed El-mahrouk, Hany Abdo Badie
The in-vitro release of CLZ from the prepared spanlastic formulations and CLZ suspension was performed in a horizontal shaking water bath (GFL, Gesellschatt Laboratories, Berlin, Germany) adjusted at 75 strokes per minutes and 37 ± 0.5 °C (Miao et al.2011). A pre-soaked semipermeable membrane (12 000–14 000 molecular weight cut off) was used as a dialysis bag (Fahmy et al.2021). The volume of the release media was 100 ml of a mixture of (0.3% SLS in distilled water and ethanol 96% at a weight ratio of (70:30)), as the solubility study of CLZ in the chosen release media was equal to (0.125 ± 0.06 mg/mL). So, the volume of the release media was set to be 100 ml which is five times the volume that was required for dissolving the tested amount to establish the sink condition (Rahman et al.2009, Said et al.2017, Tawfik et al.2020). A 2 ml of the prepared dispersion was added to the dialysis bag (equivalent to∼2.5 mg). Aliquots of 3 ml were taken at a predetermined time intervals and replaced by an equal volume of preheated fresh dissolution medium to keep the volume constant and maintain sink condition (Shamma and Elsayed 2013). The percentage of the drug released at each time interval was determined spectrophotometrically at λmax 258 nm.
Anti-biofouling efficacy of three home and personal care product preservatives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition and prevention
Published in Biofouling, 2021
A. M. Curtin, M. C. Thibodeau, H. L. Buckley
Desalination via reverse osmosis (RO) is a promising technology for helping to mitigate water scarcity. However, it is limited by energy requirements to pump water across the semipermeable membrane (Qasim et al. 2019). Although the energy demand of the RO process has been decreased by improvements such as switching to hybrid RO systems that utilize low flow, high rejection membranes followed by high flow, low rejection membranes, future design changes are projected to only provide about 0.5 kWh m−3 of improvements due to the impacts of flux and pressure drop (Bartels and Andes 2013). A complementary and critical improvement that remains for increasing RO energy efficiency, which will make the technology available for widespread application, lies in preventing fouling ( i.e. Saffarimiandoab et al. 2019; Choi et al. 2020; Hamdy and Taher 2020; Karabelas et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020).