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Serratia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Naheed S. Kanji, Umesh Narsinghani, Ritu A. Kumar
Invasive disease due to Serratia is rarely seen in patients from the community. Furthermore, Serratia is frequently an opportunistic pathogen, affecting individuals with underlying comorbidities including immunosuppression and diabetes. Only <10% of the cases are community-acquired infections. Serratia species have been identified from a variety of clinical specimens. Serratia species are not, however, the dominant pathogens for any particular clinical syndrome, except for ocular infections. The mechanism of inoculation and the source of the pathogen often remain unknown. Infections due to Serratia species have clinical manifestations similar to infections caused by other bacterial pathogens. They are known to cause wound infections; urinary, respiratory tract, and central nervous system infections; keratitis; arthritis; meningitis; endocarditis; osteomyelitis; and bacteremia.1,8,10
Biology of microbes
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2006
Serratia. The Serratia organism is not typically considered a pathogen because infections caused by it are rare. Serratia is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that includes Escherichia, Enterobacter, and Proteus, and comprises the largest of the three families cited in Section 5 of Bergey’s Manual (1984) focusing on the anaerobic Gram-negative rods (Vibrionaceae and Pasteurellaceae are the other two families). Like most members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Serratia degrade sugars to pyruvate by means of the Embden–Meyerhof pathway (glycolysis), then use the pyruvate as the terminal electron acceptor to yield a variety of end products in a fermentation process. Pyruvate is further reduced to butanediol, ethanol, and carbon dioxide.
Infective endocarditis by Serratia species: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Petros Ioannou, Konstantinos Alexakis, Despoina Spentzouri, Diamantis P. Kofteridis
Serratia spp. were initially considered to be non-pathogenic due to their low virulence among healthy individuals [1]. In the last decades, however, there are increasing reports of these pathogens as causes of invasive disease and nosocomial infections [4]. For example, S. marcescens has been identified as a cause of a wide range of infections, such as respiratory, urinary, or biliary tract infections, catheter-associated infections, and wound infections [1, 4]. Importantly, studies are suggesting an increasing prevalence of Serratia spp. with significant antimicrobial resistance, that may render the treatment of these infections problematic since this is associated with higher mortality [62–64]. Thus, infections by Serratia spp. have drawn the attention of research during the last years to further identify the characteristics of these infections and identify factors associated with mortality [65].
Clinico-microbiological Features and Treatment Outcomes of Serratia Keratitis and Comparison with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Anahita Kate, Bhupesh Bagga, Lakshmi Prasanna Ponnapati, Shalini Singh, Sahil Shah, Ashik Mohamed, Joveeta Joseph
Serratia is a gram-negative bacillus belonging to the family Yersiniaceae.1 It was considered an innocuous saprophyte until the 1950s, when S. marcescens was found to be the causative pathogen in urinary tract infections and pneumonia.2Serratia species can also cause other systemic infections in the form of osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and arthritis.3 Although S. marcescens is the most common species, infections due to S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, S. odorifera, S. ficaria, and S. plymuthica have also been reported.2,4,5 With respect to ocular infections, Serratia species can cause keratitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, and lacrimal duct infections.6–9
Inhibitory effect of norharmane on Serratia marcescens NJ01 quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Huai-Zhi Luo, Jin-Wei Zhou, Bing Sun, Huan Jiang, Shi Tang, Ai-Qun Jia
Serratia marcescens, is not only an important opportunistic pathogen of humans but also an ecological pathogenic bacterium. It is widespread being isolated from the air, soil, water, plants and animals (Jones 2010; Wang et al. 2015). As a plant pathogen, S. marcescens has been reported to cause soft rot in bell peppers (Wang et al. 2015), whorl rot in corn (Gillis et al. 2014), and cucurbit yellow wilt disease in sunflowers (Bruton et al. 2003), all diseases that result in a decrease in crop yield. Pathogenic bacteria may utilize the same genes for virulence against different hosts and rely on the same mechanisms to cause disease in plants and animals (Petersen and Tisa 2013). S. marcescens is characterized by its production of a red pigment, prodigiosin (2-methyl-3-amyl/pentyl-6-methoxyprodigiosin), which exhibits antitumor, antibiotic and antioxidant properties (Gutierrez-Roman et al. 2012). S. marcescens also secretes several other extracellular other virulence factors, such as DNase, lipase, hemolysin, proteases, chitinase and biosurfactants, and most importantly can form biofilms through quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms (Devi et al. 2018). This mechanism is a bacterial density-dependent gene expression system involving the binding of receptors and autoinducers, which control the pathogenesis of S. marcescens through the production of virulence factors for swarming, swimming and biofilm formation (Morohoshi et al. 2007; Srinivasan et al. 2017). Gram-negative bacteria use secreted N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as the major QS-signaling molecules to communicate (Hansen et al. 2000). S. marcescens mediates the formation of biofilms, motility and synthesis of extracellular products by producing C4 to C8-HSL in its pathogenesis (Bakkiyaraj et al. 2012).