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Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Cardiobacterium hominis, an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus, has been implicated as a cause of endocarditis. Rechtman and Nadler (1991) have described a patient with abdominal abscess due to this organism plus Clostridium bifermentans. Pen G is usually the best treatment.
Aortic vascular graft infection due to Cardiobacterium Hominis in a heart transplant recipient
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2021
C. Lievens, S. Verstreken, W. Heggermont, E. Boel, M. Goethals, M. Vanderheyden
Cardiobacterium hominis graft infection/endocarditis is a rare condition that has never been described following orthotopic heart transplantation. Cardiobacterium hominis is a member of the HACEK group, a heterogeneous family of fastidious bacteraemia and endocarditis-causing gram-negative bacteria. As it is a slow-growing anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus and is part of the normal human oropharyngeal flora, a history of dental treatment or oral infections is often present. In this particular patient we speculate that gingival hyperplasia and concomitant periodontitis related to the immunosuppressive therapy might have been responsible for the bacteraemia and infection. The onset of the disease is very insidious with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, arthralgia and myalgia lasting between 4 and 6 months. It has a favourable prognosis, when diagnosed promptly, often requiring a combination of medical and surgical therapy.
High-throughput DNA sequencing of microbiota at interproximal sites
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Miguel Carda-Diéguez, Luis Alberto Bravo-González, Isabel María Morata, Ascensión Vicente, Alex Mira
On one hand, Corynebacterium, Actinomyces, Lautropia and Pseudopropionibacterium were statistically more represented in the L region than in the V or IPr sites. Similarly, three additional genera were statistically more abundant in L sites than in the IPr region, namely Abiotropia, Cardiobacterium and Aggregatibacter. In relation to these genera, metagenomic and microscopy studies pointed at Corynebacterium as a key taxon in supragingival plaque architecture and composition, usually associated with health [28,29]. Similarly, Actinomyces has been found associated with healthy communities when compared with periodontitis [24,30]. Analysis at the species-level OTUs indicated that Abiotrophia defectiva was found at significantly higher levels in lingual surfaces compared to the IPr region. This species has been found in higher proportions in caries patients compared to healthy individuals [31]. However, other studies have found this bacterium associated with a caries-free microbiome [32,33]. Although Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been several times associated with oral diseases [34], it was the little studied A. aphrophilus the species significantly more represented in the lingual region [35]. Some Aggregatibacter OTUs have been associated with intra-oral halitosis and periodontitis [24–26,36]. Lastly, Cardiobacterium hominis abundance has been correlated with aggressive periodontitis [37] and Colombo et al. found a significant reduction in this genus after treatment [38].
Subgingival microbiome of experimental gingivitis: shifts associated with the use of chlorhexidine and N-acetyl cysteine mouthwashes
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Ahlam Al-Kamel, Divyashri Baraniya, Wadhah Abdulnaser Al-Hajj, Esam Halboub, Saleem Abdulrab, Tsute Chen, Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
Species associated with healthy gingiva (Day 0) and those enriched on Day 21 in the three groups of the prevention sub-study are shown in Figure 7(a–c). In the placebo group, 13 species were significantly overabundant on Day 21 (full-blown gingivitis), while 18 species were associated with health (Day 0). In the NAC prevention group, 16 bacterial species were found to be enriched on Day 21 (full-blown gingivitis), 4 of which are common with the placebo group: TM7 G1 sp. oral taxon 346, Cardiobacterium valvarum, Cardiobacterium hominis, and Porphyromonas catoniae. Other top, gingivitis-associated species identified in either group included, among others, Campylobacter gracilis, TM7 G1 sp. oral taxon 349, Tannerella sp. oral taxon 286, Leptotrichia sp. oral taxon 219, and Fusobacterium sp. oral taxon 203. Healthy gingiva-associated bacterial species, i.e. those enriched on Day 0 in the placebo or/and NAC groups, were Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Lautropia mirabilis, Kingella oralis, Rothia mucilaginosa, Rothia dentocariosa, Rothia aeria, Brevibacterium casei, and several Streptococcus spp., among others. The use of CHX for prevention, on the other hand, was associated with depletion of a mix of 35 gingivitis- and health-associated species, while it selected for only one species (G. adiacens)