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The Role of Flaxseed Micronutrients and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Blood Vessel and Heart Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the entrance to the chambers, preventing blood from flowing back when the ventricle chambers contract.
Cardiovascular Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Cardiac surgery is an effective treatment for ischaemic heart disease and valve disease, relieving symptomatic angina and prolonging survival in selected patient groups. Standard indications for coronary artery bypass surgery include left main stem or triple vessel coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with diabetes and/or LV dysfunction where there is prognostic benefit. Surgery is offered for severe heart valve disease providing specific criteria are met, with either repair or replacement with bioprosthetic or mechanical valves. Surgical treatments for severe HF include cardiac transplantation or LV assist device implantation for eligible patients. Patients with complex congenital heart disease frequently require surgical correction.
Ethics of Product Failure and the Courts
Published in Howard Winet, Ethics for Bioengineering Scientists, 2021
Unlike IUDs heart valves are life-saving devices. Their failure is almost always fatal unless the patient is near a cardiac surgery facility. Of the four heart valves, the aortic needs replacement most often, followed by the mitral valve at the entrance of the left ventricle. High ejection pressures generated by left ventricle systole contribute to turbulence at the aortic valve. The resulting shear and cavitation probably contribute to its failure with age. Such failure is often the result of calcification at the base of the valve leaves. Most replacements are glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine or bovine heart valves that are providing a highly cross-linked collagen matrix. Polymeric replacements, sometimes with metal components, have been tried. If the implant lasts long enough it will also fail due to calcification-induced stiffening of the valve leaflets. In the 1970s and 1980s a series of synthetic heart valves came on the market and failed; not because of calcification but due to poor manufacturing practices that helped convince the FDA to develop a GMP protocol.
Galectin-3 reflects the echocardiographic quantification of right ventricular failure
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2021
Uzair Ansari, Michael Behnes, Julia Hoffmann, Kathrin Weidner, Philip Kuche, Jonas Rusnak, Seung-Hyun Kim, Michele Natale, Nadine Reckord, Siegfried Lang, Ursula Hoffmann, Thomas Bertsch, Marc Fatar, Martin Borggrefe, Ibrahim Akin
Our present study incorporated a population subset of 91 patients derived from a collective who underwent routine echocardiography at between 2014 and 2016. This was determined after ascertaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this analysis. The inclusion criteria included all patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease or already diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. The exclusion criteria encompassed all patients under 18 years of age and/or pregnant; those with mechanical heart valves; those having suffered from a myocardial infarction within the last 3 months and those patients who received an electrical cardioversion within the last 30 days. Patients with heart transplants, acute pulmonary embolism, transient ischemic attacks in the last 30 days, those with acute infections, and/or chronic kidney disease with an eGFR <40 mL/min were also excluded from the study. For this particular sub-study focusing on RVF, only patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were included in the study population. Moreover, patients with moderate and severe heart valve disorders, classified as either stenosis or regurgitation were also excluded. Due to difficulties pertaining to accurate diagnosis, patients with varying degrees of diastolic dysfunction could have been included in this study. However, the number of patients with severe degree of diastolic dysfunction is limited.
Tirofiban combined with heparin’s effect and safety in the treatment of mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Tao Qiu, Changqing Li, Linming Huang, Hua Xiao, Xiaoyong Deng, Xiaoyan Dai, Shengqi Fu, Juan Wang, Qingping Gong, Qin Luo, Mingjin Wang, Weili He, Ming Chen
Written informed consent was given by all participants before the study. Between February 2016 and November 2017, a total of 98 patients with acute mild to moderate AIS underwent randomization. Patients were included if the following inclusion criteria were met: 1) The onset time was 0–48 h (patients included in the time window but not suitable or refused thrombolysis or embolectomy); 2) Platelets were ≥50X109/L; 3) the NIHSS:1–7; and 4) age ≥18 years. Patients who had any one of the following conditions were excluded from the study: 1) Noncontrast head computed tomography (NCCT) showed large area cerebral infarction; 2) Active hemorrhagic diseases, obvious coagulation disorders, past warfarin treatment, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial tumors, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms, and definite atrial fibrillation; 3) Disorder or heart valve disease, considered as a cardiogenic embolism; 4) Severe systemic disease patients such as severe heart failure, respiratory failure, or severe renal failure.
Design and evaluation of the crimping of a hooked self-expandable caval valve stent for the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Gideon Praveen Kumar, Hwa Liang Leo, Fangsen Cui
The tricuspid valve consists of three leaflets that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and maintains unidirectional blood flow. In addition to these, the leaflets, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, fibrous annulus, the right atrial and ventricular myocardium make up the entire valvular complex (Séguéla et al. 2011). A disturbance of any of these structures may lead to tricuspid regurgitation (TR). With an increased volume of TR, cardiac output (CO) decreases and patients tend to develop symptoms of right heart failure with possible congestive hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral oedema and associated ascites (Filsoufi et al. 2005). Surgical correction with tricuspid valve repair or replacement which is the only corrective therapy available currently, carries an operative mortality of up to 22% in these patients, and is therefore not routinely offered (Lauten et al. 2010; Zhu et al. 2016). TR is more prevalent among the elderly which is also a concern as the patients are deemed high-risk for open heart valve replacement (Nkomo et al. 2006; Campelo-Parada et al. 2017). Thus, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement offers a better prognosis for patients affected by TR (Muller et al. 2017). In this minimally invasive procedure, the transcatheter heart valve is crimped and inserted into the femoral vein via a small incision. The crimped valve is then moved to the heart using a delivery system. At the deployment site, which is the diseased tricuspid valve, the crimped valve re-expands to its pre-set diameter and become fully functional (Ismail et al. 2017).