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Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Some experiments concerned the use of LAB in treatment of plant diseases. Plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt. Lactobacillus sp. strain KLF01 isolated from rhizosphere of tomato reduced disease severity of tomato and red pepper as compared to nontreated plants (Shrestha et al. 2009a). Lactobacillus KLF01 and Lactococcus KLC02 strains showed 55% and 60% bio-control efficacy, respectively, in regard to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, soft rot pathogen, on Chinese cabbage (Shrestha et al. 2009b). These LAB significantly reduced bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on pepper plants in comparison with untreated plants in both greenhouse and field experiments. Additionally, LAB are able to colonize roots, produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and solubilize phosphates (Shrestha et al. 2014). LAB are effective in the removal of the root-knot nematodes. The decreased pH levels in agricultural soil due to lactic acid produced by bacteria are correlated with reduced population of nematodes (Takei et al. 2008). Microalgae are used as feed for live prey (rotifers, Artemia), larvae and adult fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. The growth of microalgae Isochrysis galbana was enhanced by LAB, both in the absence and in the presence of nutrients in the culture. The highest final biomass concentration was achieved by adding Pediococcus acidilactici, whereas Leuconostoc mesenteroides spp. mesenteroides and Carnobacterium piscicola provided for maximal growth rates. However, the latter species also showed inhibitory effect on Moraxella (Planas et al. 2015).
Dual transcriptome of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans interplay in biofilms
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Yan Zeng, Elena Rustchenko, Xinyan Huang, Tong Tong Wu, Megan L. Falsetta, Jin Xiao
Microbial interactions are crucial to maintaining microbial populations, microbiome structure, and ecosystem functions [1–3]. Ranging from mutualism to antagonism, interactions between bacteria and fungi have been in the spotlight because they play an essential role in driving biochemical cycles, maintaining balance in numerous ecosystems, and contributing to health and disease [4,5]. Interaction mechanisms have been elucidated for several pathogenic bacteria–fungi relationships, such as Candida albicans and the commonly isolated bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus [6], the microbial secondary metabolite-mediated interaction between the plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and two plant-pathogenic fungal organisms Fusarium fujikuroi and Botrytis cinerea [7], and the characterization of 16 different bacterial-fungal pairs, examining the impact of 8 different fungi isolated from cheese rind microbiomes and two bacterial species (Escherichia coli and a cheese-isolated Pseudomonas psychrophila) [1].
Biosynthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide and manganese dioxide nanoparticles using Matricaria chamomilla L. extract and its inhibitory effect on Acidovorax oryzae strain RS-2
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi, Feng Zhang, Yasmine Abdallah, Muchen Zhang, Yanli Wang, Guochang Sun, Wen Qiu, Bin Li
The release of cell content after 4 h of incubation at 30 °C with MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles out of RS-2 is shown in Figure 8(a). Treatment of RS-2 with double distilled water (control) at OD260 had a cell efflux of 0.05 while treatment with MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles at 16.0 µg/mL had an efflux of 0.26 and 0.30, respectively (Figure 8(a)). The efflux value recorded reveals that the cell membrane was severely destroyed, which was dependent on the concentration of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles applied. Thus, proving the deformation and damage of cell observed under the transmission electron microscope [33] also observed cellular injury after treating Ralstonia solanacearum with MgO nanoparticles.
Transcriptome sequencing of Salvia miltiorrhiza after infection by its endophytic fungi and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Yan Jiang, Lei Wang, Shaorong Lu, Yizhe Xue, Xiying Wei, Juan Lu, Yanyan Zhang
By implementing RNA-Seq in host plants, all involved defence response DEGs were exhibited, as well as vital DEGs that promoted the accumulation of active ingredients after induction of endophyte fungi. The large amount of data generated in this study provides a powerful platform for functional and molecular studies of future interactions between host plants and their endophytic fungi. In these DEGs, CNGC, CDPK, Rboh, CaM, MAP2K1/MEK1, WRKY33, SUGT1/SGT1 and HSP90A/htpG are the DEGs that involved in biological response stimulation, in which WRKY33 belongs to the WRKY gene family, one of the largest family of plant transcription factors currently studied (Suttipanta et al. 2011; Phukan et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2017). In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that WRKY transcription factors are not only resistant to plants, but also in plant secondary metabolism regulation (Suttipanta et al. 2011; Phukan et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2017). For example, SmWRKY2 could respond to the induction of MeJA and improve tanshinone production after the induction of S. miltiorrhiza using MeJA, indicating that SmWRKY2 may be involved in stress-regulated processes (Deng et al. 2019). SmWRKY1 can respond to the induction of salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and nitric oxide (NO), and improve the yield of tanshinone by positively regulating SmDXR expression (Cao et al. 2018). Overexpression of NtWRKY50 upregulated the expression level of related defence genes and increased tobacco resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (Liu et al. 2017). Therefore, we hypothesized that the up-regulated expression of WRKY33 may be a key gene for regulating tanshinone production in response to fungal induction in plants.