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Unexplained Fever In Infectious Diseases: Section 2: Commonly Encountered Aerobic, Facultative Anaerobic, And Strict Anaerobic Bacteria, Spirochetes, And Parasites
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis, usually animal pathogens, may cause a variety of syndromes, manifested especially by fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and polyarthritis. Transmission may be by contact with infected animals or contaminated food or water. The reported incidence has strikingly increased in recent years: many thousands of human cases were reported especially in Scandinavia and other parts of Europe. The most important clinical manifestations are similar in both species and include septicemia, or septicopyemia: rare but severe cases especially in immunosuppressed, debilitated patients and in those with iron overload.
Enteric Pathogens
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
Yersinia enterocolitica is an enteric pathogen frequently implicated in a variety of diseases from diarrhea to hepatosplenic abscesses and septicemia. DNA and oligonucleotide probes have long been developed for the identification of Y. enterocolitica. A PCR-based assay has been developed for Y. enterocolitica.
Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
B. Vinoth, M. Krishna Raja, B. Agieshkumar
Campylobacter infection can mimic acute appendicitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The severe abdominal pain secondary to ileocecitis causes tenderness in the right iliac fossa (RIF) mimicking appendicitis. In a series of 533 cases with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, ultrasound showed mesenteric adenitis with thickening of ileum and caecum without visualization of appendix in 61 cases (Puylaert et al. 1989). Out of these 61 patients, 21 were found to have Yersinia enterocolitica and 15 had C. jejuni infection. Rarely, Campylobacter-induced appendicitis has also been reported (Van Spreeuwel et al. 1987). Some of the Campylobacter infection present with severe acute colitis with bloody diarrhea; these cases might be confused with IBD, and one has to depend on histology wherein there is acute inflammation with no chronic changes like crypt distortion (Van Spreeuwel et al. 1985). The other complications seen with Campylobacter infection are erythema nodosum, urticaria, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, septic arthritis, HUS, toxic megacolon, GI hemorrhage, bacteremia, nephritis, meningitis, pericarditis, and myocarditis. Histology of a few patients with immune proliferative small intestinal disease has shown evidence of C. jejuni infection; hence, it has been found to be associated with development of intestinal lymphomas (Lecuit et al. 2004).
The incidence of laboratory-confirmed cases of enteric pathogens in Denmark 2018: a national observational study
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Anna Tølbøll Svendsen, Hans Linde Nielsen, Peter Bytzer, John Eugenio Coia, Jørgen Engberg, Hanne Marie Holt, Lars Lemming, Steen Lomborg, Ea Sofie Marmolin, Bente Scharvik Olesen, Leif Percival Andersen, Steen Ethelberg, Anne Line Engsbro
In Denmark, the national surveillance of infectious diseases is based on monitoring individual clinical cases and notifications from the diagnostic laboratories. Incidences of the most common enteric bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella spp. and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)) are well monitored through the diagnostic laboratories and data is available online (https://statistik.ssi.dk) [3,4]. The goal is to monitor, describe and decrease the burden of common foodborne infections in Denmark. Further, data are reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) as part of the European surveillance. Except for a few studies on norovirus [5], rotavirus [6], and Cryptosporidium species [7], the epidemiology is largely unknown for other enteropathogens in Denmark although this is of interest especially to the clinicians but also for estimating the burden of disease related detected to enteropathogens.
Use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria as live delivery vectors for human and animal health
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Romina Levit, Naima G. Cortes-Perez, Alejandra de Moreno de Leblanc, Jade Loiseau, Anne Aucouturier, Philippe Langella, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Bacterial infections. Gastroenteritis of bacterial origin is a disease characterized mainly by episodes of diarrhea caused by pathogens such as E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella, Aeromonas spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica, among others.117 Different studies showed the potential of using LAB as mucosal vaccines against these intestinal pathogens. In these senses, a GM L. lactis expressing HCP (Hemolysin co-regulated protein) of Campylobacter jejuni T6SS was administered to mice, and the results showed the induction of specific neutralizing antibodies and the prevention of pathogen colonization.118 In addition, a GM L. lactis expressing the binding domain of heat-labile toxin (LBT) from enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was used to immunize rabbits and was able to induce the production of antibodies at the intestinal mucosa level.119
Evaluation of a multiplex gastrointestinal PCR panel for the aetiological diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Christian Leli, Luigi Di Matteo, Franca Gotta, Daria Vay, Valeria Cavallo, Roberta Mazzeo, Simone Busso, Laura Carrabba, Andrea Rocchetti
The comparison of diagnostic accuracy between FilmArray GI panel and culture with respect to Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and STEC O157 gave the following results: 100% (95% confidence interval (CI): 85–100%) sensitivity; 93.4% (95% CI: 87.9–96.6%) specificity; 74.3% (95% CI: 57.5–86.4%) PPV; 100% (95% CI: 96.7–100%) NPV; 2.9 (95% CI: 1.6 – 5.1) LR+; zero LR–. Indeed, of the 18 samples positive by FilmArray GI panel for Salmonella spp. 16 (88.9%) were recovered by culture. Of the 18 samples positive by FilmArray GI panel for Campylobacter spp., 13 (72.2%) were recovered by culture; The sample positive for Yersinia enterocolitica by FilmArray GI panel was not confirmed by culture, as well as the two E. coli O157 of the three positive samples for STEC. The agreement between the two methods was almost perfect (k = 0.820, p < .0001). By means of FilmArray GI panel, 39 pathogens were identified, compared to 29 recovered by standard culture, with a statistically significant increase of 34.5% (p = .001).