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Diarrhea (Acute)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Probiotic products for bacterial replacement are helpful because lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) help prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics in adults and children. Lactobacillus reduced the chance of diarrhea by about 60% to 70% when started within two days of beginning antibiotic treatment and continued for at least three days after finishing the antibiotics.14 Also for Clostridiumdilicile-associated diarrhea, probiotics containing Sac. boulardii are an effective adjunctive treatment.15
Recent Developments in Bioresponsive Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Drashti Pathak, Deepa H. Patel
For mucosal-targeted delivery, recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus was engineered to express the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis, which was further fused with dendritic-cell-targeting peptide to recognize and bind to mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) [13]. Additionally, it has been revealed that certain strains of bacteria specifically colonize tumor cells, exhibiting natural tumor-targetability. Making use of their natural tumor tropism, these bacteria have been genetically modified to express protein therapeutics for cancer treatment [14]. Recently, researchers programmed a bacteria-based circuit to lyse and release anticancer toxins at the tumor site upon achieving the threshold population [15]. Similar to bacteria, viruses have also evolved into natural carriers with both specificity and efficiency. Cell-targeted carriers constructed from engineered viruses mainly take advantage of their natural tropism with a range of targets. For example, virus-like particles are particles self-assembled from virus-derived capsid or envelope proteins, whereas virosomes are spherical virion-like lipid bilayer vesicles containing virus-derived surface glycoproteins [13]. These vesicles have inherited the capability to specifically recognize and interact with target cells from their parental viruses.
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Where the other groupings of nutraceuticals involve molecules or elements, probiotics involve intact microorganisms. This group largely includes bacteria, and its criteria are that a microbe must be resistant to: Acid conditions of the stomach, bile, and digestive enzymes normally found in the human gastrointestinal tract; able to colonize the human intestine; be safe for human consumption; and, lastly, have scientifically proven efficacy. Among the bacterial species recognized as having functional food potential are Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. infantis, and Streptococcus salvarius subspecies thermophilus. Some yeasts have been noted as well, including Saccharomyces boulardii.
The role of microbiota in the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Published in Climacteric, 2023
G. Stabile, G. A. Topouzova, F. De Seta
Early puberty is characterized by a low number of Lactobacilli with the dominance of bacterial strains of intestinal origin. About 1 year before the menarche, Lactobacilli begin to dominate the vaginal environment. Only probiotic Lactobacillus strains exhibit beneficial properties and show immune-modulating properties via specific signaling processes. In vitro experiments with Lactobacillus acidophilus demonstrated that the strain is able to produce substantial amounts of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Additional defense mechanisms are the production of bacteriocins and biosurfactants, co-aggregation and Lactobacilli biofilm formation. Furthermore, beneficial Lactobacilli strains compete with pathogens for adherence to the vaginal epithelium and for nutrients [8].
The prevention effect of probiotics against eczema in children: an update systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Shuya Sun, Guizhen Chang, Litao Zhang
Kalliomaki et al. (17) discovered a significant decrease in eczema development in the children with the use of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) strain at 7-year follow-up point. However, Jensen MP et al. (16) discovered that early supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus showed no long-term protective effects, the same outcome was also observed in another study (21). In our study, the further effect of probiotics against eczema seemed unsatisfactory; however, the controversial result was shown against atopic eczema, which may as a result of lack of abundant involved RCTs. The protective effect of probiotics may be attributed to some specific bacterial strains such as L. rhamnosus GG (17, 35) or owe to prenatal supplement as well as the suitable dose of probiotics (21). As related studies’ long-term follow-up outcomes are updated, more detailed studies on the long-term effect are needed.
Beneficial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 supplementation in adults with atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
C. R. S. Prakoeswa, L. Bonita, A. Karim, N. Herwanto, M. A. Umborowati, T. Setyaningrum, A. N. Hidayati, I. S. Surono
The result of the comparative test between the treatment groups revealed that the results of IL-4 levels decreased significantly in both the groups. Our results conform to those of a trial study by Inoue et al. who tested 49 AD patients aged ≥16 years and administered with Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 for 8 weeks. AD lesions were assessed using the SCORAD index before the intervention, and then at weeks 4 and 8 after the intervention. The serum cytokine levels were measured in both the groups at 8 weeks after the start of the intervention. Our results suggested that the probiotic group had lower SCORAD values than the controls (p = .002), as well as decreased eosinophil ratio in the peripheral blood (p = .03), although the ratio of serum TGF-β changes increased significantly (p = .04) in this group. The administration of LP-92 was found to be effective for alleviating AD symptoms in adults as a result of the dominant suppression of Th2 inflammatory cytokines (25).