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Sulfonamides
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Natasha E. Holmes, M. Lindsay Grayson
Other Gram-negative organisms displaying sulfonamide resistance include MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (Yin et al., 2008) as well as C. jejuni (Gibreel and Sköld, 1999) and Helicobacter pylori (Huovinen, 2001). In a study of P. aeruginosa colonization in a burn wound center in Belgium, one of two genotypes responsible for recurrent outbreaks and colonization of patients (particularly cutaneous strains) developed resistance to SSD (Pirnay et al., 2003). There has also been a significant increase in sulfonamide resistance in avian and porcine strains of Pasteurella multocida (Shivachandra et al., 2004; Lizarazo et al., 2006). There is a recent case report of sulfamethoxazole resistance in Aeromonas caviae causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (Huang et al., 2015).
Aeromonas
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Chi-Jung Wu, Maria José Figueras, Po-Lin Chen, Wen-Chien Ko
Aeromonas species are gram-negative, oxidase-positive, facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria in the family Aeromonadaceae that are ubiquitously distributed in aquatic environments and established pathogens of fish and marine animals.1 They are also associated with a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, including gastroenteritis, septicemia, skin and soft-tissue infections, biliary tract infection, and other uncommon infections.1 Human infections, predominated by gastroenteritis of either acute, self-limited diarrhea, or cholera-like illness, are increasingly recognized and reported, and their clinical variety is expanding. Although the involvement of aeromonads as enteropathogens has been questioned, their pathogenic role in causing human gastrointestinal infection is supported by accumulating evidence.1–3 Not only could aeromonads be isolated from different foods, but they could also be detected in returning travelers suffering from diarrhea. Globally three major species isolated from clinical, food, and water sources are Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, and Aeromonas caviae. However, the list of newly identified Aeromonas species becomes longer and longer. In light of the rapidly evolving landscape around Aeromonas species, we present an overview on the clinical epidemiology, variation, and antimicrobial treatment of Aeromonas-induced gastroenteritis, the isolation of aeromonads from feces, and the putative virulence factors in aeromonads causing gastroenteritis, along with current evidence supporting the pathogenic role of aeromonads in human gastrointestinal infections.
Aeromonas
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Currently, about 30 species are recognized in the genus Aeromonas, including Aeromonas aquatica, Aeromonas australiensis, Aeromonas bestiarum (HG2, formerly Aeromonas hydrophila genomospecies 2), Aeromonas bivalvium, Aeromonas cavernicola, Aeromonas caviae (HG4, synonym Aeromonas punctata), Aeromonas dhakensis (synonyms Aeromonas aquariorum, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis), Aeromonas diversa (HG13, synonym Aeromonas group 501), Aeromonas encheleia (HG16), Aeromonas eucrenophila (HG6), Aeromonas finlandensis, Aeromonas fluvialis, Aeromonas hydrophila (HG1, synonyms Bacillus hydrophilus fuscus, Bacillus hydrophilus, Proteus hydrophilus, Bacterium hydrophilum, Pseudomonas hydrophila), Aeromonas jandaei (HG9), Aeromonas lacus, Aeromonas media (HG5A, HG5B), Aeromonas molluscorum, Aeromonas piscicola, Aeromonas popoffii (HG17), Aeromonas rivuli, Aeromonas salmonicida (HG3), Aeromonas sanarellii, Aeromonas schubertii (HG12), Aeromonas simiae, Aeromonas sobria (HG7), Aeromonas taiwanensis, Aeromonas tecta, Aeromonas trota (HG14, synonym Aeromonas enteropelogenes), and Aeromonas veronii (HG8, HG10, synonyms Aeromonas ichthiosmia, Aeromonas allosaccharophila, Aeromonas culicicola) [1–3]. Interestingly, Aeromonas sharmana (which unlike other members of the genus, is negative for nitrate reductase, lysine or ornithine decarboxylase or arginine dihydrolase, and lacks deoxyribonuclease activity) is now considered to be non-Aeromonas although it may still fall within the family Aeromonadaceae [1].
Subepithelial deposits with microspherular structures in membranous glomerulonephritis
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Hae Yoon Grace Choung, Jerome Jean-Gilles, Bruce Goldman
Noteworthy in our cohort is a small subset with infection, including one case with hepatitis C and one with cellulitis in the setting of renal-limited LN. A paucity of reports of PIG associated with an infection has been described in the setting of hepatitis B and bacterial infections such as Aeromonas caviae.26,32 Autoantibodies arising in patients with infection are well documented. ANCA vasculitis, SLE or SLE-like reactions, and a wide variety of autoantibodies including ANA among others have been described in bacterial infections.33–37 Viral infections such as EBV, CMV, and COVID19 triggering autoimmune disease have also been reported.38–41 Growing evidence suggests infections trigger an autoimmune response especially in genetically susceptible individuals as a “second hit” through multiple possible mechanisms such as related to a dysregulated immune system, molecular mimicry, and modification or unmasking of epitopes by the infective agent.42 Although the case with hepatitis did not present with clinical evidence of autoimmune disease, 1 case with cellulitis developed renal-limited lupus nephritis and positive ANA in the absence of prior history of SLE, raising the question of whether infection triggered an autoimmune reaction at least in part in some cases.
Adjuvant use of combination of antibiotics in acute severe ulcerative colitis: A placebo controlled randomized trial
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Shubhra Mishra, Harshal S Mandavdhare, Harjeet Singh, Arup Choudhury, Jimil Shah, Sant Ram, Dimple Kalsi, Jayanta Samanta, Kaushal K Prasad, Arun K Sharma, Usha Dutta, Vishal Sharma
The median disease duration was 24 months and 13 patients who presented with ASUC were not recognized to have UC previously. The baseline characteristics including gender, clinical presentation, disease characteristics, and prior treatment were similar between both the groups, except for a higher frequency of fulminant disease and prior ulcerative colitis-related hospitalization in the antibiotic arm (Table 1). Thirteen patients (52%) had a history of previous hospitalization owing to flare of ulcerative colitis in the antibiotic arm as compared to six (24%) in the standard of care group. Six patients in each arm had been on azathioprine previously. No patient had been treated with biologicals or cyclosporine previously. The precipitating causes for severe colitis were noncompliance with treatment (42%), intake of complementary and alternative drugs (10%) but no cause was identified in 25 (50%) patients. Median Mayo score for the entire study population was 10 [9–11] and it was similar in both the arms. The median endoscopic Mayo score was 3[2–3]. Median baseline CRP was 18.19 mg/dL. Aeromonas caviae was grown on stool culture in a single patient, who had been randomized to the standard of care group. Antibiotics were given for median duration if 5(4.5–6) days with no. of days of antibiotic therapy ranging from 3 to 12 days.
Resistance trends and epidemiology of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas infections (RETEPAPI): a 10-year retrospective survey
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
A total of 193 individual isolates were identified (n = 193; 19.3 ± 12.3/year, highest in 2015 and lowest in 2010) from various sample types during the 10-year study period. The number of isolates between 2008 and 2012 was n = 46 (9.2 ± 4.2/year, range: 5–16) while for 2013–2017, this number was n = 147 (29.4 ± 8.2/year, range: 18–38); the difference in the isolation frequency was statistically significant (p = .0012). 51.8% of isolates originated from inpatient departments (p > .05). 75.6% of isolates were identified in the period between May and September of the relevant year. Most of the isolates were Aeromonas spp. (97.9%; namely: Aeromonas hydrophila 45.6%, Aeromonas caviae 36.7%, Aeromonas veronii 13.2%, Aeromonas salmonicida 3.3%, Aeromonas bestiarum 1.1% and Aeromonas ichtiosima 1.1%), while Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates were fewer (2.1%, one isolate in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2016, respectively). Before 2013, A. hydrophila and A. caviae were mainly isolated.