China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cholangitis
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
The most frequent organisms isolated are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Aeromonas hydrophila has also been found in a minority of cases. In immunocompromised individuals with multiple courses of antibiotics, cholangitis Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium and Candida spp. may be involved.
Nalidixic Acid and Other Quinolones
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Enteropathogens such as enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enteroinvasive E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Vibrio spp. are usually susceptible, with MIC90 values < 8 µg/ml (Eliopoulos and Eliopoulos, 1989). Campylobacter jejuni is less reliably susceptible to nalidixic acid, with an MIC90 range of 8–256 µg/ml (Walder, 1982; Eliopoulos and Eliopoulos, 1989), but increasing rates of resistance (MICs ≥ 32 µg/ml) have been noted over the past 20 years (Altwegg et al., 1987; Gootz and Martin, 1991; Adler-Mosca et al., 1991; Chatzipanagiotou et al., 1993; Aarestrup et al., 1997; Thwaites and Frost, 1999; Gaudreau and Gilbert, 2003; Unicomb et al., 2006; Gallay et al., 2007). Campylobacter fetus and Helicobacter pylori are resistant to nalidixic acid (Fliegelman et al., 1985). Aeromonas hydrophila is usually susceptible (Zemelman et al., 1983).
Waterborne and water-washed disease *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Among the faecal–oral bacteria pathogens, some, such as the Shigella species and enterohemorrhagic strains of E. coli, are infectious at low doses, others; such as Campylobacter species, at moderate doses and yet others such as Salmonella, the non-hemorrhagic E. coli and Aeromonas hydrophila pathogens only at relatively high doses.
Diagnostic performance of an in-house multiplex PCR assay and the retrospective surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens at a teaching hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Nik Mohd Noor Nik Zuraina, Suharni Mohamad, Habsah Hasan, Mohammed Dauda Goni, Siti Suraiya
Of the 200 sputum specimens, a total of 226 records were obtained from the sputum culture, comprising 114 identified microorganisms at the genus or species level, 73 normal upper respiratory tract microflora (NURTF), 3 records of no growth after 48 hours of incubation, 23 records of unsuitable specimens for sputum culture (rejected specimens) and 13 records of mixed growth organisms. Eighty-nine specimens (44.5%) were found positive with at least one type of organisms by sputum culture. The gold standard methods had identified five out of the six targeted panel bacteria, giving a total of 78 positive tests for H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. None of the specimens was positive for M. tuberculosis by the gold standard methods. Despite the targeted bacteria, other organisms; Enterobacter species (spp.), Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pantoea spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus group A and group G, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were concomitantly isolated from the clinical specimens.
Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm, exoprotease, and quorum sensing responses to co-cultivation with diverse foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria on crab surfaces
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Iqbal Kabir Jahid, Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan, Jinjong Myoung, Sang-Do Ha
The etiology and epidemiology of a foodborne disease are frequently unexplained, despite their public health burden which can impede socio-economic development in both industrialized and developing countries (Kuchenmuller et al. 2013, Havelaar et al. 2015). Foodborne disease outbreaks are globally important, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality (Havelaar et al. 2015). Each year in the United States, unspecified agents cause 38.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths (CDC 2016). Nearly 45% of reported cases are caused by bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, L. monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium botulinum, and Campylobacter jejuni (Gould et al. 2013). Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic and primary pathogen of animals, including amphibians, reptiles, fish, and humans (Kao et al. 2003) and it is ubiquitous in freshwater environments (Janda and Abbott 2010). A. hydrophila has been classified as an emerging foodborne pathogen (Igbinosa et al. 2012), with food and water identified as possible sources of human infection (Bin Kingombe et al. 2004; Khajanchi et al. 2010).
Addition of insoluble fiber to isolation media allows for increased metabolite diversity of lab-cultivable microbes derived from zebrafish gut samples
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Alanna R. Condren, Maria S Costa, Natalia Rivera Sanchez, Sindhu Konkapaka, Kristin L Gallik, Ankur Saxena, Brian T Murphy, Laura M Sanchez
Metagenomic studies of zebrafish intestines have shown that adults are colonized by a multitude of bacteria with γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria as the most abundant members.25,26 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed our cultivation strategy produced a library that accurately represents the major components of the zebrafish gut microbiome with representatives from the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria phyla (Figure 2). Bacteria from the three phyla have been linked to the gut and overall organism health. Firmicutes typically colonize the large intestines, primarily the colon, and are one of the most prevalent phyla represented in the gut microbiome.28 They have documented roles in the fermentation of carbohydrates as well as lipid droplet formation for energy storage.29,30 In our dendrogram, we observe the same trend with a considerable number of our isolates grouped into the Firmicutes phylum (Figure 2). Of the Firmicutes isolated, B. subtilis was the most abundant isolate in this phylum. During its lifecycle in the gut, B. subtilis is known to form spores in half the time it takes compared to a laboratory isolate.31 Thus, it is possible the increase in isolation of B. subtilis in our library is due to the isolation of the more prolific, endogenous B. subtilis isolates from zebrafish intestines. B. subtilis has also been shown to protect fish from the aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes inflammation and steep mortality rates.32 With A. hydrophila infections being a persisting problem in zebrafish research facilities, the protective bioactivity of B. subtilis could contribute to the large representation of this species in our isolation efforts.33 Microbes responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the gut microbiome system fall under the Actinobacteria phylum.34 These maintenance microbes, which also reside in the colon, make up only a small portion of the gut microbiome community even though they hold a pivotal role in overall gut flora health.28,34 Once again, our dendrogram highlights the successful isolation and profiling of at least three genera of Actinobacteria such as Rhodococcus, Kocuria, and Mycolicibacterium (Figure 2).