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Utilization of Fisheries' By-Products for Functional Foods
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Muhamad Darmawan, Nurrahmi Dewi Fajarningsih, Sihono, Hari Eko Irianto
Gelatin is a fibrous protein derived from hydrolytic degradation of collagen, which is obtained from cartilages, skin, bones and connective tissues of various animals (Akbar et al., 2017). As a functional biopolymer, gelatin has very extensive applications in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, materials, foods and photography depend on their rheological properties, that is, transparency, solubility, viscosity, gel strength and thermal stability. Moreover, the application of gelatin as functional foods is also expanding (Karim and Bhat, 2009; Gomez-Guillen et al., 2011). The global demand of gelatin is constantly increasing. World gelatin production reached 450,000 tons in 2018 with an estimated value of US$4.52 billion (Tkaczewska et al., 2018).
Versatile Use of Gelatin in Functional Food and Nutraceuticals
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Taken together, gelatin is a protein derived from collagen which has diverse applications in the nutrition, functional food, nutraceuticals, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Sports nutritionists and athletes who consume protein bars and protein shakes or consume gel caps are exposed to gelatin. A significant amount of clinical evidence has proven that hydrolyzed gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen are safe and efficacious for the symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, research studies have shown that hydrolyzed collagen can help in pain alleviation and possibly the enhancement/repair of cartilage tissue.
Hydroxyethyl starch or gelatin, which is safer for the kidneys?
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
D.W. Shinta, J. Khotib, M. Rahmadi, B. Suprapti, E. Rahardjo, J.K. Wijoyo
Recently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended reevaluating and discontinuing distribution permit of HES in July 2013. The same is also recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia has also initiated an appeal regarding the security aspects of HES under limited conditions (Badan POM RI 2013, The US Food and Drug Administration 2013, European Medicines Agency 2013). As a result, the trends of the use of colloid fluids shift to the use of the latest generation of gelatin, which is claimed to be safer. By contrast, a systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted by Thomas-Rueddel et al. (2012) on the safety of gelatin use in all RCTs involving adult and acute hypovolemic patients due to surgery, trauma, severe infection, or critical illness receiving gelatin, albumin, or crystalloid fluid as resuscitation fluid. The results of this study stated that the safety of gelatin under all clinical conditions cannot be confirmed. Further investigation is needed to establish its security profile (Thomas-Rueddel et al. 2012).
Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Lucrezia Sarti, Guillaume Lezmi, Francesca Mori, Mattia Giovannini, Jean-Christoph Caubet
In particular, a hypersensitivity reaction to vaccines is attributed to porcine or bovine gelatin, in that they show important cross-reactivity. The exact mechanism for patients to become sensitized to gelatin is unknown. However, recent studies have proposed galactose-a-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), an allergen involved in hypersensitivity reactions to red meat and after exposure to tick bites, as a potential cross-reactive allergen responsible for hypersensitivity reactions to gelatin contained in vaccines [114,115,117]. Another possible cross-reactive allergen proposed in a recent study was bovine serum albumin, a major allergen (Bos d 6) in beef and a minor allergen in cows’ milk [118]. Finally, Bogdanic J et al. showed that 16 and 38%, respectively, of beef and pork meat sensitized children, have IgE antibodies to gelatins that are cross-reactive [119].
BCS class II drug loaded protein nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability: in vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Nirmal M. Kasekar, Sarabjit Singh, Kisan R. Jadhav, Vilasrao J. Kadam
Gelatin is most widely used in medicine due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, high physiological tolerance, and low immunogenicity [4]. In the record of safety for food supplement, the FDA classifies gelatin as ‘Generally Recognized as Safe’ (GRAS) [11]. Since the 1950s without serious adverse effects [12,13] gelatin derivatives are intravenously used as plasma expander (Gelafundin®, Gelafusal®). Gelsoft®, Gelseal® was successfully used as patches for vascular seal [13,14]. A further benefit of gelatin as starting material for NPs is its variety of functional groups. This allows different possibilities of surface modification [15,16], cross-linking [11,17,18], and marker coupling [19,20]. In addition, targeting-ligands [21,22] as well as various types of drugs [23–25] may be coupled.
Green nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for osteogenic disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
David Medina-Cruz, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ada Vernet-Crua, Junjiang Cheng, Veer Shah, Jorge Luis Cholula-Diaz, Gregory Guisbiers, Juan Tao, José Miguel García-Martín, Thomas J. Webster
Gelatin is a mixture of peptides, produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen, extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals. Gelatin has shown potential as an integral component of a drug delivery system (Figure 3(c)). For instance, Raina et al. developed a novel macroporous composite biomaterial, consisting of gelatin, HA and calcium sulfate for the co-delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) and zoledronic acid (ZA). The authors hypothesized that the biomaterial mimics the structure of trabecular bone, and thereby constitutes a better scaffolding system in terms of its osteoconductivity. It effectively induces osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor MC3T3-e1 cells by significantly increasing the biochemical and genetic markers of osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro results clearly showed that a low amount of rhBMP-2 was released, contrary to the in vivo results, wherein nearly 65% of the protein was released in a controlled manner over a period of 4 weeks. Similar results were obtained with the ZA release experimentation. Consequently, this fabricated biomaterial proved to be an efficient carrier device for the co-delivery of both molecules, with further potential for reducing the doses of rhBMP- 2 and ZA, in order to achieve similar results [120].