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Parasite Versus Host: Pathology and Disease
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
One of the more intriguing aspects of parasitology is the way in which parasites sometimes affect the behavior of their hosts. In Chapter 7 (see Figure 7.34), for example, we will discuss the manner in which the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini alters the anatomy and behavior of the crabs it infects in bizarre fashion. In this case, as in many others, the altered host behavior is thought to enhance parasite transmission.
Host-Parasite Relationships
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Some of the difficulty in the terminology used to describe host-parasite relation- ships is the result of historical accident. Classical parasitology (the science that deals with the parasitic protozoa, worms and arthropods) developed as a part of zoology. The study of parasitic bacteria and viruses was a province microbiology. As a result of this separate development, separate terminologies developed to describe essentially similar processes.
Pulmonary Disease of Parasitic Cause
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Pulmonary disease of parasitic cause remains relatively not too common, but in a sense it has long “crossed” endemic geographic barriers because of world-wide travel. Several parasites involve the human lung in their life cycle. This chapter reviews only relevant aspects of those parasites that have been reported to cause an interstitial lung disease (ILD) pattern. The reader is referred to works on parasitology and pathology for more detailed discussion of the parasites themselves and the full spectrum of the pathology they produce.
Inhibitory effect of Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianum) on blastocystis subtype 3 grown in vitro
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Mehmet Aykur, Emrah Karakavuk, Muhammet Karakavuk, Mesut Akıl, Hüseyin Can, Mert Döşkaya, Yüksel Gürüz, Hande Dağcı
Blastocystis is one of the most common parasite detected in the intestinal tract of humans and animals worldwide [1]. The reasons for the widespread distribution of this parasite depend on the social behaviors and hygiene status related to geographic region, as well as exposure to animals and consumption of contaminated food or water [2,3]. Blastocystis can be found in more than onemillion people worldwide [4]. The prevalence of this parasite varies from 3 to 70% in different countries [3]. Moreover, the prevalence of Blastocystis was 100% in the rural areas of Senegal [5]. In Turkey, the frequency of Blastocystis among children and adults ranged from 31.7 to 32.8% [6]. Moreover, evaluation of the last decade showed that the most common parasite detected in stool samples was Blastocystis (39.8%) [7]. Similarly, Blastocystis is one of the most commonly detected protozoan parasite in stool samples examined in parasitology laboratories around the world [8].
Validation and maintaining laboratory developed molecular tests compliant with ISO15189 for diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Molecular diagnostics of parasitic infections is highly sensitive and specific, it is important to realize that aside from general knowledge of molecular biology, it is essential to know the targeted organism, the target sequence and the chemistry used in the assay. Quality management does not end with a validation it is the start, hereafter an assay needs regular updates by a reassessment of the assay, daily monitoring of controls and results, and last but not least participation of quality assessment schemes. As was used in conventional parasitology to choose from a range of concentration and staining techniques, a diagnostic algorithm based on patient population, clinical anamnesis, and travel history to decide if additional diagnostics is needed in specific cases [23].
Intraocular Gongylonema Infection: First Case in Humans
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Vanessa Waisberg, Walter dos Santos Lima, Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos
A 56-year-old metal worker presented with complaints of pain and redness in the right eye (OD) for 3 days. Review of symptoms and past medical history was unremarkable, except for the habit of frequently drinking unfiltered water. In addition, he reported several prior visits to the ophthalmology emergency department, for removal of superficial corneal foreign bodies in both eyes. At presentation, his best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination of OD revealed 1+ AC cells and flare, and a static elongated structure, consistent with a dead helminth, partially attached to the corneal endothelium of OD (Figure 1A,B). Intraocular pressure and fundus examination were normal in both eyes. The parasite was immediately removed through a clear corneal incision with viscoexpression and was sent, in normal saline, to our Department of Parasitology for identification. The anterior end of the worm was strongly attached to the posterior surface of the cornea and was disrupted during surgical extraction. Anterior uveitis was treated with mydriatics and steroid drops, and oral albendazole (400 mg daily for 3 days) was also prescribed. During the early postoperative period, his BCVA was stable at 6/6 and the anterior chamber was deep and quiet. Fecal and hematologic examinations showed no abnormality. Examination of the oral cavity was also unremarkable. After 3 months, the patient was asymptomatic and BCVA remained 6/6. Remnants of the parasite’s anterior end were still attached to the corneal endothelium of OD, but with no sign of intraocular inflammation (Figure 1C) after a follow-up of 6 months.