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Order Hepelivirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The dangerous human rubella virus causing rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, leading to miscarriages or severe fetal defects, is a single member of the Rubivirus genus that is in turn the single member of the Matonaviridae family.
Acute erythematous rash on the trunk and limbs
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Rubella is a common viral illness of children due to a rubivirus. It is spread by inhalation of infected droplets. After an incubation period of 14–21 days, a macular rash begins on the face and neck. It spreads down the body over 24–48 hours and then clears from the face downwards over the next 2–3 days. It is often associated with enlarged occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes, and sometimes an arthritis. The child is infectious from 5 days before to 3 days after the rash appears.
Dermatological emergencies in pregnancy
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Riti Bhatia, Neirita Hazarika, Ruby Bhatia
Rubella virus is an enveloped RNA virus classified as a Rubivirus in the Togaviridae family. Patients present with maculopapular exanthema with fever. Arthralgia occurs in up to 70% of cases. Rare complications include thrombocytopenia, encephalitis, stillbirths, miscarriages, and severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. The most common congenital defects are cataracts, heart defects, and hearing impairment. Patients with rubella should be isolated for 7 days after they develop rash. Detection of specific IgM antibodies can provide presumptive evidence for infection. The optimum period for collection of serum is 5 days after the onset of symptoms when greater than 90% of cases will be IgM positive [46].
Immunopathology of Virus-Induced Anterior Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Jolanda D. F. De Groot-Mijnes, Anita S. Y. Chan, Soon-Phaik Chee, Georges M. G. M. Verjans
Rubella virus is a positive-stranded RNA virus and the only member of the Rubivirus genus within the Togavirus family. It is the causative agent of rubella and congential rubella syndrome.54 Only in 2004, rubella virus was identified as an etiological agent of Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS).55 Hence, few reports are available on the immunology and pathology in Fuchs uveitis (FU) patients with a confirmed intraocular rubella virus infection. Therefore, this part will focus mostly on the immunopathology of FU in general. Do note, however, that HCMV and more recently chickungunya virus have also been reported to be associated with FUS-like clinical entities and that in most reports on FUS, it is not clear which virus is involved in the population described.2,37,56