China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Nineteenth Century
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
By the early nineteenth century, skin disease had risen to the level of a discipline worthy of focus, and the skin had fallen under the dominion of the physicians, who had willingly taken it away from the surgeons. The elevation of the study of skin diseases coincided with an increasing appreciation of the skin as a structure with greater purpose than simply being an envelope, the understanding that the skin could have its own resident diseases, a call for specialization in skin disease, the coinage of the terms “dermatology” and “dermatopathology,” and the first attempts at a nomenclature and classification system of skin diseases. The diseases known at the time—herpes, dartres, tetters, impetigo, etc.—were inconsistently defined and unrecognizable for the most part to us today. A first small step toward bringing order to this chaos—the establishment of a professorship—took place in Florence, but it did not last.
Diagnosing Skin Disease
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Dermatopathology: The function of dermatopathology—that is, the microscopic examination, description, and interpretation of skin biopsies—is essential to the practice of dermatology. Through the use of microscopy in conjunction with a variety of histochemical and immunochemical stains, dermatopathology can offer significant insight into the underlying pathology for a wide variety of dermatologic conditions.
Pathological Processes of Skin Damage Related to Toxicant Exposure
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
This chapter discusses and illustrates pathologic changes in the integument of laboratory animals following exposure to toxic chemicals or materials. Fundamental objectives are to provide toxicologists and allied biomedical scientists with a working knowledge of the terminology, histotechnical applications, and histomorphic changes associated with dermal toxicants in research species. The discussion includes: (1) a survey of routine and special methods for collecting and processing skin specimens; (2) a dictionary of terminology relating to dermatopathology; (3) an illustrated outline of pathologic changes which typify dermal responses to various classes of toxicants; (4) a description of cutaneous neoplasms induced by chemical or physical agents; (5) a listing of special anatomic structures associated with the skin of laboratory species; and (6) a review of systemic diseases or spontaneous changes which might compromise in vivo dermatotoxicologic studies.
Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: beyond oxidative damage and skin aging
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Tongyu C Wikramanayake, Jérémy Chéret, Alec Sevilla, Mark Birch-Machin, Ralf Paus
Given how readily accessible and easily biopsied skin is, the evaluation of mitochondrial structural and functional changes in the skin may also be used to diagnose, follow disease progression and monitor treatment response in mitochondrial diseases. For example, patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) present mitochondrial dysfunction not only in the central nervous system, but also in skin biopsies [374,375]. Additionally, in the mitochondrial neurodegenerative Huntington’s disease (HD) (OMIM #143,100), skin biopsies can show hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, subepidermal fibrosis, increased acid mucopolysaccharides [376] and disrupted mitochondrial cristae [377], even though obvious macroscopic cutaneous changes are generally absent. Thus, dermatopathology may facilitate early diagnosis of selected neurodegenerative diseases. While mtDNA obtained from skin fibroblasts may not necessarily reflect the severity of extracutaneous organ damage [378], improved tissue sampling (e.g. using hair follicle biopsies instead of skin fibroblasts alone) may improve diagnostic reliability.
Voriconazole Induced Ocular Surface Dysplasia – Report of Two Cases
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Mamta Agarwal, Gayatri S, Subramanian Krishna Kumar, Rama Rajagopal
In our study, both patients were immunocompetent with no history of smoking or use of topical corticosteroids that may induce local immunosuppression or any other risk factor. In both cases, we see irregular acanthosis of the corneal epithelium and dyskeratotic squamous epithelial cells. There are two histopathological possibilities. First, a voriconazole induced squamous dysplasia and second pseudoepitheliomatous epithelial hyperplasia because of the fungal infections. The second cause could be excluded because in many fungal keratitis, we do not usually see this amount of irregular thickening and dyskeratotic changes in the corneal epithelium. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is usually observed in dermatopathology when there is a dermal infective granuloma or neural tumor when there is florid epidermal reaction. However, considering the rarity of these changes in cornea and this reaction in cornea has been seen in those patients who were on long-term voriconazole, we strongly suggest two triggering factors could have played a role. 1) Voriconazole drug and 2) Sunlight exposure in these patients.
Cannabis use in delusional infestation with folie à deux
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Jason S. Lee, Erin Dean, Xavier F. Jimenez
Mr. X, a 65-year-old male with a history of major depressive disorder, trichotillomania (in remission), and 42 years of near-daily recreational cannabis use was admitted medically for progressive weakness and abdominal pain. He voiced concern that his presentation could be related to an adverse reaction to holistic remedies used to self-treat a parasitic infection. He noted that his wife, Mrs. X, first reported seeing mites in their home three months prior. Mrs. X then reported that mites were invading her skin and crawling out of her orifices. An outpatient dermatologic evaluation ruled out dermatopathology. Within several weeks, Mr. X also noticed mites crawling from his wife’s orifices. Mrs. X then consumed a holistic remedy to treat herself, which Mr. X later ingested as well. Psychiatry was consulted, and no psychotropics were initiated. He was successfully treated for acute kidney injury with intravenous fluids, and safely discharged home.