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Alzheimer’s Disease, the Microbiome, and 21st Century Medicine
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Comparison of the microbiomes of patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease versus age-matched controls showed a marked difference in both the complexity and distribution of microbiota, as shown by Vogt et al. (Vogt et al., 2017) and noted in this book’s chapter by Dr. Zhang. The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, a finding that parallels results from patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Within Firmicutes, the families Ruminococcaceae, Turicibacteraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae were reduced, and within Actinobacteria, the family Bifidobacteriaceae was reduced. In contrast, members of the phylum Bacteroidetes were found to be increased in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, reflected at the family level by an increase in Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae. This reduction led the authors to speculate that the insulin resistance associated with all three conditions (Alzheimer’s, obesity, and type 2 diabetes) may actually be a microbiome-driven mechanism. Furthermore, the degree of abnormality in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Alzheimer’s patients tended to correlate with the microbiome alterations, such that those individuals with more exaggerated microbiome changes tended to also have more severe CSF abnormalities.
Oral Health
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Ana Moura Teles, José Manuel Cabeda
In primary infections, predominant taxa detected include species of Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonasmicra, Filifactoralocis, and P. alactolyticus, and species of Dialister, F. nucleatum, T. denticola, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, Prevotella baroniae, P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Bacteroidaceae [G-1] HOT272 (Siqueira and Rocas 2009). Enterococcus faecalis was detected, but in lower levels. However, in retreatment cases advocated for secondary or persistent endodontic infections, the predominant taxa include Enterococcus species such as E. faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, P. alactolyticus, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Propionibacterium propionicum (Aw 2016; Krishnan et al. 2017).
Bacteroides
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Classification. Taxonomically, the genus Bacteroides belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, order Bacteroidales, family Bacteroidaceae. In the ninth edition of Bergey's manual, the family Bacteroidaceae contains three genera, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. In turn, the genus Bacteroides is separated into 42 species, which include species that were formally described as the Bacteroides fragilis group, with more than 15 new genera. Species considered of clinical importance are B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. vulgatus, B. caccae, B. eggerthii, B. merdae, B. stercoris, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, and B. distasonis. Three bile-resistant species from the B. fragilis group were reclassified by Sakamoto and Benno (2006) into the genus Parabacteroides (P. distasonis, P. merdae, and P. goldsteinii).
NMN alleviates radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Xiaotong Zhao, Kaihua Ji, Manman Zhang, Hao Huang, Feng Wang, Yang Liu, Qiang Liu
Muribaculaceae was the most abundant family among the eight groups, and at the 4 months after irradiation, IR showed an upward trend compared with the CTRL group, but at 8 months post-radiation, it showed a downward trend, while NMN treatment reverse these changes at both 4- and 8-months post-irradiation (Figure 3(E,F)). Furthermore, at 4 months post-irradiation, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae was higher in the IR group than in the CTRL group, and NMN treatment significantly inhibited the change (Figure 3(E,I)). At 8 months after receiving radiation, the IR group had lower abundance of unidentified_Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Tannerellaceae than the CTRL group, which were rescued in NMN-IR group (Figure 3(F,K)).
The Mini Colon Model: a benchtop multi-bioreactor system to investigate the gut microbiome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Zijie Jin, Andy Ng, Corinne F. Maurice, David Juncker
As detailed above, one important feature of MiCoMo is its ability to develop individual-specific microbial communities, leading to individual-specific temporal dynamics. Nevertheless, some general trends could be identified among the commonly found gut microbiota phyla. In all individuals, we observed an expansion of Bacteroidetes from 0.31–37.6% in the inocula to 30.0–67.2% in stabilized complex cultures. This expansion was largely contributed by Bacteroidaceae and Tannerellaceae families, most notably bacteria from the Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera, both common members of the human gut microbiota.22,23 This increase was accompanied by an overall loss of Firmicutes, especially those of Clostridiales order, which exhibited ~5-fold decrease in abundance for multiple volunteers. These decreases were most significant among the families of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Notably, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a common commensal gut microbiota,24 which consisted of 15–30% of abundance in the original fecal samples in this study, did not manage to maintain a niche in MiCoMo.
Artificial intelligence-based personalized diet: A pilot clinical study for irritable bowel syndrome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Tarkan Karakan, Aycan Gundogdu, Hakan Alagözlü, Nergiz Ekmen, Seckin Ozgul, Varol Tunali, Mehmet Hora, Damla Beyazgul, O. Ufuk Nalbantoglu
The post-intervention gut microbiota changes were also different between groups. After six weeks of intervention, a major shift in microbiota profiles in terms of alfa- or beta-diversity was not observed in both groups. A statistically significant increase in the Faecalibacterium genus was observed in the personalized nutrition group (p= .04), whereas no meaningful change was reported for the standard IBS diet group (p= .63). Peter J et al. investigated the role of the microbiome in IBS-related psychological distress and found that depression was negatively associated with Lachnospiraceae abundance; the distress, anxiety, depression, and stress perception were associated with higher abundances of Proteobacteria. The feeling of anxiety was characterized by elevated Bacteroidaceae.25 In our study, we have observed an increase in Bacteroides for the personalized nutrition group (p> .05) while an increasing trend in Prevotella (p= .057) was noted in the standard IBS diet group. The increase in the Bacteroides group might have affected our IBS patients’ anxiety status in the intervention group and improved the quality-of-life scores in IBS-SSS evaluation.