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Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Mass spectrophotometry (MS) is a sensitive and extremely accurate method for analyzing molecules. The technique is highly sensitive and needs only a microgram amount of the compound for detection. The main disadvantage regarding MS is that for ionization of any unknown compound a universal ionization type is lacking which restricts generalization of results. Fortunately, for many of the marine natural products, various ionization techniques have been introduced, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) for polar extracts [333].
Nutraceutical Bioactives
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Andrew G. Mtewa, Kennedy J. Ngwira, Stephen Lutoti, Davies Mweta, Patrick E. Ogwang, Duncan C. Sesaazi
A set of tests on spectroscopic machines will help in determining the compounds isolated above (Mtewa et al., 2018). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy will give relative positions of carbons and protons in the isolates; infrared spectroscopy will provide details of vibrations and functional groups present. Mass spectroscopy provides masses of various chunks of compounds in the isolate. All these sets of data need to be interpreted and combined in order to come up with a structure and name of the compound therein. A qualified scientist can assist in this or, if new with these machines, proper guidance from a qualified analyst helps protect the equipment, but practice is the one that develops skills with time.
A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.: A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NATURAL MEDICINE
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
The analysis and extraction of plant material play an important role in the development, modernization, and quality control of herbal formulations. Hence, for the discovery of lead compounds for use as therapeutic drugs, the active principles in medicinal plants are needed to be identified. In the last few years, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has become firmly established as a key technological platform for secondary metabolite profiling in both plant and nonplant species (Karimi and Jaafar, 2011; Vuorela et al., 2004). GC–MS method can serve as an interesting tool for the identification and quantification of active principles. It combines two analytical techniques to a single method of analyzing mixtures of chemical compounds. Gas chromatography separates the components of the mixture and mass spectroscopy analyzes each of the components separately.
Human tear fluid analysis for clinical applications: progress and prospects
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Sphurti S Adigal, Alisha Rizvi, Nidheesh V. Rayaroth, Reena V John, Ajayakumar Barik, Sulatha Bhandari, Sajan D George, Jijo Lukose, Vasudevan. B. Kartha, Santhosh Chidangil
In view of the research methodologies being employed at present, some pertinent procedures can be considered for further research and development. The three technologies being pursued at present, in increasing complexity, cost of equipment and expertise required, can be put in the order (i) optical spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, scattering), (ii) separation methods (HPLC/UPLC/SDS-PAGE) and mass spectroscopy, followed by (iii) hyphenated methods. It is thus appropriate to think how these three technologies can be coordinated. A suitable modus operandi can be: carry out universal screening using the optical spectroscopy technique, since it needs only trained technicians, can be coupled to automatic data processing to give objective conclusions, requires miniature portable/hand-held equipment only, and above all, preserves the same sample for further tests if warranted. Cases diagnosed as abnormal can then be sent for HPLC/UPLC studies, and if desired, or in case the specific marker identities will be useful for therapy planning and decision making, MS-dependent separation techniques can be used. Such a coordinated procedure will be most helpful for universal healthcare, especially, under low-resource settings.
Recent advances in screening and diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Kanjaksha Ghosh, Kinjalka Ghosh, Reepa Agrawal, Anita H. Nadkarni
Far more precise molecular biological techniques are often needed but may prove very expensive. However, data from both parents can be extremely useful at this point in time. Moreover, the newborn screen often involves screening for multiple diseases from blood spots collected on Guthrie card [34,35]. This bloodspot presents some technical challenge for use in HPLC system. Because the dried blood spot causes a partial degradation of hemoglobin over time and haptoglobin present in the plasma of blood spot combines with different hemoglobins at a different rate and the combined proteins produce additional elution peaks in HPLC system. Several companies have newborn screening reagents to be used in HPLC machines modified for the purpose for screening sickle cell disease (Biorad). In future, mass spectroscopy with its various modifications can be used for this purpose. High-throughput molecular protocols are now developing for different conditions and are also available for hemoglobinopathy detection [36].
Novel sulindac derivatives: synthesis, characterisation, evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and COX-2 inhibition activity
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Mashooq A. Bhat, Mohamed A. Al-Omar, Nawaf A. Alsaif, Abdulrahman A. Almehizia, Ahmed M. Naglah, Suhail Razak, Azmat Ali Khan, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
The acetohydrazide (III) was used as a starting material for the synthesis of various substituted sulindac hydrazone derivatives (1 – 25). The acetohydrazide (III) was reacted substituted benzaldehydes in ethanol and glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. The acetohydrazide was characterised by the appearance of singlet peak for the –NH2 protons at δ 3.38 ppm and broad singlet for the CONH proton at δ 9.30 ppm. The disappearance of NH2 protons at δ 3.38 ppm confirmed the structures of sulindac hydrazones. Carbon-13 NMR confirmed all the carbon atoms of the synthesised compounds (1‒25). Mass spectroscopy confirmed the molecular weights of compounds. All the compounds were characterised by their molecular ion peaks. The three methyl protons of the indene moiety appeared in the range of δ 2.18‒2.23 ppm. The three protons of –SOCH3 appear at δ 2.81‒2.83 ppm. The aromatic protons appeared in the range of δ 6.71‒8.24 ppm. Protons of the N=CH appeared as a singlet in the range of δ 7.92‒8.52 ppm and the proton of CONH appeared as broad singlet at δ 9.30‒11.80 ppm.