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Clindamycin and Lincomycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
A differentiation between clindamycin and erythromycin is that bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae, which are generally considered susceptible to erythromycin, are often found to be resistant or moderately susceptible to clindamycin (Guay, 2007; Klainer, 1987; McGehee et al., 1968a). Campylobacter jejuni is susceptible (at 8 mg/l) to clindamycin (Michel et al., 1983), but Campylobactercoli is more resistant, with 90% of strains requiring 128 mg/l for inhibition (Elharrif et al., 1985). The facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rod Campylobacterrectus is usually susceptible, but resistant isolates have been reported (Eick et al., 1999). The slow growing Gram-negative bacillus Capnocytophaga canimorsus, associated with dog bites or other animal exposures, may cause a bacteremic illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and is considered clindamycin sensitive (Findling et al., 1980; Jolivet-Gougeon et al., 2007). Flavobacterium species are resistant to most antimicrobial agents but may be clindamycin-susceptible (Bruun, 1983; Sheridan et al., 1993).
Orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis secondary to odontogenic infection with campylobacter rectus: a case report
Published in Orbit, 2023
Pragya Goswami, Amanda Ie, Brett A. O’Donnell
This is a unique case of Campylobacter rectus osteomyelitis of the orbit. Campylobacter rectus is an anaerobic gram-negative rod.2 It is a part of the human oral flora and is associated with periodontal infection.2 Reports in the literature describing C. rectus isolated in extra-oral abscesses are rare. In total, there are 16 reported cases,3–12 of which only one was complicated by osteomyelitis.12 To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of orbital osteomyelitis caused by C. rectus or any other Campylobacter species.
Development and characterization of rapid dissolving ornidazole loaded PVP electrospun fibers
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Serdar Tort, Ayşegül Yıldız, Fatmanur Tuğcu-Demiröz, Gülçin Akca, Özgür Kuzukıran, Füsun Acartürk
For antimicrobial activity test, all formulations and solution of ornidazole (0.5%) were tested against P. gingivalis (an anaerobic bacteria), which is associated with gingivitis/periodontitis infections, by using agar diffusion method as described in the material and methods. The effects of ornidazole against the chosen bacteria were tested with this method in different studies (Wust 1977; Tort, Oktay, et al. 2017). Before the test, all formulations sterilized under ultraviolet (UV) lamp for 2 h to evaluate the effect of UV sterilization and were compared with the nonsterilized samples. For all formulations, inhibition zone was measured and given on Table 4. According to results, F4–F6 formulations showed activity against P. gingivalis, whereas no antimicrobial activity was observed in F1–F3 formulations. PVP polymer could not display any activity against P. gingivalis. PVP was completely dissolved on agar and these results confirmed that the complete release of ornidazole from the PVP fibers. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of ornidazole was not affected by the increased polymer concentration. Although UV sterilization affected the inhibition zone of F4 formulation, there was not any difference between inhibition zone values for F5 and F6 formulations after UV sterilization. In our recent study, we found that UV sterilization of nanofibers did not change the amount of drug in nanofibers (Tort et al. 2019). The decrease of efficiency of F4 formulation, which has the lowest fiber diameter, may related with the loss of potency during sterilization due to light sensitivity (Bakshi et al. 2001). The inhibition zone value observed against P. gingivalis of ornidazole solution was found to be 8.2 cm, which was very close to inhibition zone values of nonsterilized electrospun fiber formulations. Ornidazole has antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative anaerobes like P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacteriumsp., Selenomonas sputigina, Bacteroides forsythus, and the Gram-positive anaerobes like Peptosteptococcus sp. and Campylobacter rectus which are implicated in gingivitis and periodontal diseases (Patel et al. 2014). Based on these results, it has been observed that the electrospun fibers containing ornidazole have sufficient antimicrobial activity as the ornidazole solution.