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Factors Affecting the Microflora of the Lower Genital Tract of Healthy Women
Published in Michael J. Hill, Philip D. Marsh, Human Microbial Ecology, 2020
Strains of Fusobacterium have also been reported in a small number of women, between 10 and 25%.10,14,22F. naviforme and F. nucleatum were the most common species found in one study.14 Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci have been found in most studies but usually in less than 25% of women tested. Veillonella parvula was the predominant species isolated.14
Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
Supragingival plaque associated with healthy gingivae is relatively thin (<20 cells in thickness) and consists largely of Gram-positive coccoid organisms such as Streptococcus sanguis, S. mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, Staphylococcus epidermis and Rothia dentocariosa. Occasionally a few Gram-negative organisms, usually Veillonella parvula, can be detected.82,116,139
Metronidazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Oral metronidazole in combination with ampicillin/amoxicillin was successfully used to control Fusobacterium endocarditis in a patient who subsequently required valve replacement (Seggie, 1978). Metronidazole was also effective in a 23-year-old man with C. bifermentans endocarditis who had failed to respond to intravenous penicillin G (Kolander et al., 1989). A 74-year-old woman with B. fragilis prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis was also successfully treated with metronidazole, but another woman with B. fragilis rheumatic aortic valve endocarditis succumbed to intractable heart and renal failure despite metronidazole, even though her isolate was susceptible (Bisharat et al., 2001). Metronidazole was also effective in the treatment of prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis with Veillonella parvula, although the patient underwent early valve replacement surgery for acute cardiac failure (Boo et al., 2005).
Changes in the oral and nasal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Xiaoman Zhang, Xinyi Li, Huajun Xu, Zhihui Fu, Fan Wang, Weijun Huang, Kejia Wu, Chenyang Li, Yupu Liu, Jianyin Zou, Huaming Zhu, Hongliang Yi, Su Kaiming, Meizhen Gu, Jian Guan, Shankai Yin
Veillonella, gram-negative anaerobic genus, mainly distributes in the oral cavity, pharynx, respiratory tract and digestive tract [42]. It was identified as one of the predominant genera in dental plaque of preschool children [63]. It has been confirmed that Veillonella might play an important role in infection and immune development. The expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and IL-1β in the mucosa were directly related to Veillonella spp. counts [64]. A study of nasopharyngeal swabs from children diagnosed with acute respiratory disease revealed that the presence of Veillonella parvula was associated with pneumonia [65]. In addition, Veillonella parvula could cause macrophage-related inflammation through LPS-TLR4 pathway [66]. Therefore, it was reasonable to suspect that Veillonella might play a key role in the development of the immune system in early childhood. In our study, the genus Veillonella at the adenoids, palates and tongues sites was related to AHI, ODI and mean SaO2. It was not difficult to understand that intermittent hypoxia caused by upper respiratory tract obstruction caused a decrease in SaO2, thus promoting the propagation of this anaerobic genus. However, whether Veillonella genus could promote adenoid hypertrophy through LPS-TLR4 pathway might require further exploration in subsequent studies.
Ex vivo evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Álvaro Villanueva-Castellote, Carmen Llena Puy, Miguel Carda-Diéguez, Álex Mira, María D. Ferrer
In addition, after treatment with a given antibiotic, the bacterial composition did not vary between samples where the biofilm mass increased, decreased or remained the same (Adonis p-value were 0.35, 0.75 and 1 for azithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole, respectively) indicating that the antibiotics had a similar effect on most bacteria within the biofilm. However, although the overall bacterial community composition overlapped between control and the different antibiotic treatments, a few bacterial species were significantly affected (ANCOM-BC compositional analysis). Specifically, Streptococcus cristatus, Veillonella parvula, an unclassified species of Streptococcus and an unclassified Neisseria were all over-represented after treatment with metronidazole. On the other hand, when azithromycin was added to the media, the abundance of Staphylococcus was reduced considerably from 7,5% to 0,7% and Parvimonas micra was increased from 0,4% to 1,5%. Finally, the addition of amoxicillin reduced the levels of an unclassified Lactobacillus whereas increased the levels of an unclassified species of Fusobacterium and Dialister invisus.
Metagenome sequencing-based strain-level and functional characterization of supragingival microbiome associated with dental caries in children
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi, Divyashri Baraniya, Tsute Chen, Jennifer Hill, Sumant Puri, Marisol Tellez, Nur A. Hasan, Rita R. Colwell, Amid Ismail
Differentially abundant species and strains observed for the caries and caries-free groups are shown in Figure 4. Fourteen Prevotella spp., prominently Prevotella melaninogenica, 10 Veillonella spp., primarily Veillonella parvula, six unnamed Actinomyces spp., three Atopobium, and two Oribacterium spp. were found to be associated with dental caries, while only six species, including Streptococcus sp. AS14 and Leptotrichia sp. Oral taxon 225, were more abundant in caries-free subjects. Detailed plots showing selected differentially abundant features are presented in Supplementary Figure 1, demonstrating an association (or inverse association) with disease severity, i.e. lowest average abundance in caries-free and highest in advanced caries (or vice versa). Although S. mutans was not detected by LEfSe analysis, a separate analysis with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by multiple Wilcoxon test for pairwise comparisons (the basic statistics of LEfSe), revealed a significant difference only between the advanced caries and no caries groups (Supplementary Figure 2).