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Erythromycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Erythromycin has a variable activity against anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Erythromycin demonstrates moderate activity against Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Most strains of Bacteroides spp. can be inhibited by moderately high erythromycin concentrations, but such high levels are only attained in the serum after parenteral administration (Zabransky et al., 1973; Gorbach and Bartlett, 1974). Sutter and Finegold (1976) studied susceptibility of anaerobic organisms to erythromycin. Although all strains of Prevotella melaninogenica and some Bacteroides spp. were susceptible to 1.0 mg/L, B. fragilis and the Fusobacterium spp. were usually resistant. Harvey et al. (1981) found that a 6 mg/L concentration of erythromycin was usually required to inhibit more than 90% of B. fragilis, other Bacteroides spp., and Fusobacterium spp., a concentration that may be difficult to achieve in routine clinical use.
Next-generation sequencing-based clinical metagenomics identifies Prevotella pleuritidis in a diabetic adolescent with large parapneumonic effusion and negative growth of pleural fluid culture: a case report
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
T Galliguez, PY Tsou, A Cabrera, J Fergie
Previously categorized as Bacteroides species, Prevotella species was reclassified into a new genus, Prevotella, with the initial species Prevotella melaninogenica proposed by Shah and Collins in 1990 sharing moderate saccharolytic activity with predominance in oral flora [6]. Our knowledge of Prevotella spp. taxonomy and antimicrobial susceptibility remained limited due to the difficulty of culture secondary to the fastidious natures of anaerobes, and that species of the tested Prevotella isolates were not differentiated or only certain isolates representing different species were tested [7]. Thanks to the recent introduction of molecular biology techniques (e.g. 16S rRNA gene sequencing), our understanding of Prevotella spp. taxonomy has significantly improved with several new species have been discovered [8]. This includes Prevotella pleuritidis, a newly discovered strain isolated from an adult with suppurative pleuritis in 2007 [9]. Prevotella pleuritidis was also reported in an adult with liver abscess in 2017 [10]. However, to our best knowledge, infections associated with Prevotella pleuritidis have not been reported in children. This case report regarding the diagnosis and management of complicated pneumonia secondary to Prevotella pleuritidis in an adolescent will deepen our understanding of this pathogen.
Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis subgingival microbial profile before and after treatment
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Irina M. Velsko, Peter Harrison, Natalia Chalmers, Jennifer Barb, Hong Huang, Ikramuddin Aukhil, Luciana Shaddox
Figure 1(a–c) shows the mean intensity of species with a statistically-significant absolute two-fold or more difference between diseased versus healthy sites for each time point in C/MIP participants. The highest fold-difference at baseline between the two sites is in the mean intensity of A.a. (P < 0.0001) (Figure 1(a)). Only two other species were found in 2-fold higher mean intensity at diseased sites, Treponema lecithinolyticum (P < 0.05) and Prevotella intermedia (P < 0.05). Species with higher mean intensity at healthy sites at baseline included Veillonella spp., S. parasanguinis and Selenomonas flueggei, (P < 0.05), Prevotella denticola and Rothia dentocariosa/mucilaginosa (P < 0.01), and Prevotella melaninogenica and Slackia exigua (P < 0.001) (Figure 1(a)).
Metagenome sequencing-based strain-level and functional characterization of supragingival microbiome associated with dental caries in children
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi, Divyashri Baraniya, Tsute Chen, Jennifer Hill, Sumant Puri, Marisol Tellez, Nur A. Hasan, Rita R. Colwell, Amid Ismail
Differentially abundant species and strains observed for the caries and caries-free groups are shown in Figure 4. Fourteen Prevotella spp., prominently Prevotella melaninogenica, 10 Veillonella spp., primarily Veillonella parvula, six unnamed Actinomyces spp., three Atopobium, and two Oribacterium spp. were found to be associated with dental caries, while only six species, including Streptococcus sp. AS14 and Leptotrichia sp. Oral taxon 225, were more abundant in caries-free subjects. Detailed plots showing selected differentially abundant features are presented in Supplementary Figure 1, demonstrating an association (or inverse association) with disease severity, i.e. lowest average abundance in caries-free and highest in advanced caries (or vice versa). Although S. mutans was not detected by LEfSe analysis, a separate analysis with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by multiple Wilcoxon test for pairwise comparisons (the basic statistics of LEfSe), revealed a significant difference only between the advanced caries and no caries groups (Supplementary Figure 2).