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Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
Many marine bacteria produce EPSs for enhanced utilization of organic compounds as a sole carbon source. EPSs extracted from marine bacteria can significantly influence the overall performance of bioremediation. It also helps in attaching microbial cells to the surfaces of xenobiotics and subsequently helps in their degradation (Ta-Chen et al., 2008). Alcanivorax borkumens is one of the leading oil-degrading marine bacteria as it can form biofilm at the oil–water interface to increase the bioavailability and degradation of oil (Schneiker et al., 2006). Baelum et al. (2012) reported that genus Colwellia isolated from deepsea water at an extremely low temperature (5°C) can synthesize EPSs and degrade the components of crude oil. Ta-Chen et al., 2008 reported that EPSs are natural emulsifying agents and are important for remediating hydrocarbons. Bacteria such as Halomonas eurihalina and Enterobacter cloacae produced EPSs with emulsifying properties (Calvo et al., 2002; Iyer et al., 2006). EPSs can enhance the solubility of hydrophobic substrates (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAHs], biphenyl) by numerous hydrophobic interactions (Pan et al., 2010). EPSs produced by the marine bacterium Halomonas sp. exhibited amphiphilic properties and high emulsifying qualities. The EPSs produced by this bacterium increase the solubilization and degradation of many hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene and biphenyl (Gutierrez et al., 2013).
Inhibition survey with phenolic compounds against the δ- and η-class carbonic anhydrases from the marine diatom thalassiosira weissflogii and protozoan Plasmodium falciparum
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Siham A. Alissa, Hanan A. Alghulikah, Zeid A. ALOthman, Sameh M. Osman, Sonia Del Prete, Clemente Capasso, Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran
Phenolic compounds were shown to act as CAIs by a very distinct inhibition mechanism compared to primary sulphonamides, many of which are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic or in clinical trials for the management of advanced, hypoxic solid tumors30. In fact, whether sulphonamides directly coordinate the Zn(II) ion from the CA active site replacing the non-protein ligand, phenols were shown to anchor to the zinc-coordinated water molecule/hydroxide ion by a hydrogen bond network30. Up to now, phenolic derivatives, among which compounds 1–22 investigated here (Figure 2), were assayed as inhibitors of the human CA I, II, IX and XII31, of β-CAs, from the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Malassezia Globosa32,33 or the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis34 and γ-CAs from the pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, Pseudomonas gingivalis, Vibrio cholerae and from the Antarctic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis and Colwellia psychrerythraea35.
Biosynthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles by the Arctic anti-oxidative bacterium Paracoccus sp. Arc7-R13
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Zheng Zhang, Shuang Li, Xiaoqian Gu, Jiang Li, Xuezheng Lin
On the basis of the morphology of bacterial colony, 19 strains were isolated from marine ZoBell 2216E medium supplemented with H2O2. According to the 16S rRNA analysis, these 19 strains belonging to the genus of Pseudoalteromonas, Colwellia, Psychrobacter, Paracoccus, Arthrobacter, Kocuria, Halobacillus, Bacillus, Planomicrobium and Chryseoglobus, respectively (Figure 1). During the screening study, a bacterial strain Arc7-R13 showed rapid growth on medium supplemented with H2O2, indicating that this strain Arc7-R13 had a high ability of tolerating H2O2. The almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Arc7-R13 was analyzed to NCBI and showed the highest similarity (100%) with Paracoccus marcusii strain MH1 (NR_044922.1). The phylogenetic trees also indicated that strain Arc7-R13 was affiliated with the genus Paracoccus. (Figure 1).
Activation of α-, β-, γ- δ-, ζ- and η- class of carbonic anhydrases with amines and amino acids: a review
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Suleyman Akocak, Claudiu T. Supuran
Activation studies were also performed recently against γ-CAs, such as Zn-Cam and Co-Cam (from the Archaeon Methanosarcina thermpophila), BpsγCA (from the pathogenic bacterium Burkhalderia pseudomallei), PhaCA (from the cyanobacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis), and CpsCA (from another cyanobacteriu, Colwellia psychrerythraea), as well as δ-CAs, such as TweCAδ (from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii)], ζ-CA, such as ZnTweCAζ (from the same diatom, Thalassiosira weissflogii)], and η-CAs, such as PfaCA (from Plasmodium falciparum) [31, 40–44]. Among them, an interesting activation profile was observed for some of the γ- class CAs, such as BpsγCA. Most of the tested compounds showed nanomolar potency against this enzyme. Specifically, BpsγCA was efficiently activated by compounds 2, 5, 8, 11, 13, and 16–19 with activation constants ranging between 9 to 86 nM. Interestingly, the ζ- class CA, ZnTweCAζ was activated slightly more efficiently by amines (KAs of 92 nM to 10.1 µM) than by amino acids (KAs of 0.62 to 15.4 µM), which is just the opposite in the case of the η- class CA PfaCA, for which KAs ranging from 0.12 to 8.55 µM were obtained for amino acid derivatives and between 0.71 and 9.97 µM for amines (Table 3). A wide range of activities of the various activators for the remaining CAs was observed, such as for γ- class of CAs, Co-Cam and PhaCA, which were moderately activated by amino acid derivatives and amines with KAs of 0.72–135 µM (Table 3). Other γ-CAs, such as Zn-Cam and CpsCA were less prone to be activated, as compared to other γ- CAs investigated so far, with activation constants ranging between 4.79 to >100 µM. The unique δ- class CA investigated in details at this moment, TweCAδ, was efficiently activated by most of the amino acid derivatives and amines 1–19, with KAs ranging between 51 nM and 18.9 µM.