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Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Ten Gram positive and Gram negative ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) bacterial isolates, were used in the present study: Bacillus cereus (11778), Bacillus pumilus (14884), Bacillus subtilis (6633), Bordetella bronchiseptica ca (4617), Micrococcus luteus (9341), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6538), Escherichia coli (10536), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10031), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9027) and Enterococcus faecalis (8043).
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Jessica Minnaard, Ivanna S. Rolny, Pablo F. Pérez
Foods are suitable culture media for Bacillus spp., and thus, growth in high numbers can occur in many steps of food preparation and preservation. In addition, some strains are psychrotrophic.32 To a lesser extent, other Bacillus species have been associated with gastrointestinal illness, for example, B. subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus brevis, and Bacillus mojavensis, although these microorganisms are more often involved in food spoilage.31,33–35
Neisseria meningitidis
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
Once meningococci have transgressed the mucosal barrier by adherence to epithelium and receptor-mediated endocytosis (described earlier), the mannose-binding lectin and the alternative pathways of the complement system serve as the primary mechanism of meningococcal killing. Individuals with deficiency in the membrane attack components (C5–9) of the complement cascade are highly susceptible to invasive disease. Anti-meningococcal bactericidal IgM and particularly IgG antibodies play the principal role in acquired immune defense. Neonates are highly resistant to meningococcal disease as a result of transplacental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies, but they are extremely susceptible by 6 months of age. Thereafter, antibodies are induced and maintained as a result of intermittent carriage of strains of N. meningitidis, although carriage is rare in children under 5 years, and constant exposure to the commensal N. lactamica. In addition, E. coli strain K1 and Bacillus pumilis share structurally and immunologically identical capsules with N. meningitidis serogroup B and serogroup A strains, respectively, and may induce cross-reactive antibodies that protect against the meningococcus. The role of cell-mediated immunity in protection against N. meningitidis is not well understood.
The meconium microbiota shares more features with the amniotic fluid microbiota than the maternal fecal and vaginal microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Qiuwen He, Lai-Yu Kwok, Xiaoxia Xi, Zhi Zhong, Teng Ma, Haiyan Xu, Haixia Meng, Fangqing Zhao, Heping Zhang
The difference in the meconium microbiota structure between neonates delivered by cesarean section and vaginal birth was assessed by PCoA and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity distance. Symbols representing the meconium microbiota of the neonates born by cesarean section and vaginal delivery did not form distinct clustering pattern on the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance PCoA score plots (Fig. S3a; S3b), suggesting no obvious difference in the meconium microbiota structure between the two groups of neonates. Consistently, the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of the meconium microbiota of neonates delivered by cesarean section and vaginal birth exhibited no significant difference (P > .05; Fig. S3c). However, the meconium samples of six vaginally delivered neonates (IF8, IF9, IF19, IF20, IF30, and IF34; PCoA1 > 0.2 and <-0.2 on the weighted and unweighted score plots, respectively) showed obvious deviation from other samples. The meconium microbiota of these six samples had significantly more Escherichia fergusonii (62.01% versus 3.22% in other samples; Fig. S3d) and significantly less Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus safensis, Lactococcus piscium, Pseudomonas fragi, Oceanobacillus profundus, and Bacillus pumilus (0.01%-0.39% versus 1.2%-27.21% in other samples; Fig. S3d).
Synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of nisin like bacteriocin with curcumin and cinnamaldehyde against ESBL and MBL producing clinical strains
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Garima Sharma, Shweta Dang, Aruna K, Manjula Kalia, Reema Gabrani
The bacteriocin was purified using a multi-step approach. SP sepharose cation exchange chromatography showed a single peak during elution with 280mM of NaCl (Figure 1, Panel A). The protein concentration was calculated to be 2.04mg ml−1 by the Bradford method. Its molecular weight corresponded to 3500Da on tricine SDS PAGE (Figure 1, Panel B). SP sepharose cation exchange chromatography had previously been used to purify antimicrobial peptides from liquid cultures of L. lactis KTH0-1S (Saelao et al. 2017) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Zhang et al. 2018). The fraction containing the peak was also analysed for in-gel antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (Figure 1, Panel C). The gel portion with purified bacteriocin showed a clear zone of inhibition against S. epidermidis at the corresponding size. The absence of a zone of inhibition in the gel without purified substance (data not shown) confirmed that the presence of the inhibitory zone was due to the antimicrobial activity of the purified product. The agar overlay assay has also previously been used to detect the inhibitory region of bacteriocin produced by Bacillus pumilus (Dehghanifar et al. 2019).
Molecular regulation of adhesion and biofilm formation in high and low biofilm producers of Bacillus licheniformis using RNA-Seq
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Faizan Ahmed Sadiq, Steve Flint, Hafiz Arbab Sakandar, GuoQing He
Among Bacillus species, a lot of work on biofilm formation has been reported for Bacillus subtilis, a model organism for biofilm studies, and a complete mechanism of biofilm formation has been explained (Vlamakis et al. 2008; Gingichashvili et al. 2017; Haggett et al. 2018; Yu et al. 2018), including the role of different molecular regulators of biofilm formation (Fagerlund et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2017; Yan et al. 2017). Among other Bacillus species of industrial concern, biofilm forming characteristics and the role of biofilms in bacterial survival in harsh environmental conditions have been widely studied in Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis and some other bacilli (Sadiq, Flint, Yuan, et al. 2017; dos Ramos Almeida et al. 2018). Despite a number of genetic similarities (Chun and Bae 2000) among different Bacillus species, they can exhibit substantial differences in their phenotypic characteristics (Sadiq, Flint, Yuan, et al. 2017; dos Ramos Almeida et al. 2018).