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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In a hospital in Slovenia, in an undefined period before 2015, 55 patients with suspected contact allergy to topical drugs used for treatment of glaucoma were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient had been tested to individual products in serial dilutions (1%-10%-50% and as is). Patch tests to vehicles, emulsifiers and preservatives (including benzalkonium chloride) were also performed. Three controls on healthy volunteers were always performed in case of a positive reaction. The causal relationship between the drug and dermatitis was always confirmed by a positive elimination test. Eight of 55 patients (5 women, 3 men) had positive patch tests to one or more products. Two patients were positive to dorzolamide, six to beta-blockers (5x timolol and 1x carteolol), 2 to latanoprost, and two to brinzolamide (13). It is highly likely that these patients have not been tested with the active drugs but only with the commercial eye drops and that the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to the active ingredients was, at best, made per exclusionem.
Laboratory Techniques
Published in Niel T. Constantine, Johnny D. Callahan, Douglas M. Watts, Retroviral Testing, 2020
Niel T. Constantine, Johnny D. Callahan, Douglas M. Watts
A twofold serial dilution is a dilution where a fixed volume of serum is mixed and transferred into successive tubes containing the identical volume of diluent. This dilution fold can be expressed as:
Orally Induced Tolerance to Nickel: The Role of Oral Exposure (Orthodontic Devices) in Preventing Sensitization
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Katherine E. Reagan, Howard I. Maibach
It is not obvious that orthodontic devices will be a long-term solution. Nevertheless, slow-release devices attached to teeth or the mucosa might provide a practical prophylactic method. Suggested is a cohort study involving children before they have been exposed to both orthodontic treatment and ear piercing. Quantification of exposure to nickel ion released from orthodontic devices should be conducted. It is important to note that epidemiological studies often overstate the real incidence due to the occurrence of significant false positives. Furthermore, patch-test positivity is often equated to clinical disease. In epidemiological studies, serial dilution data are lacking that could define the level of sensitivity (Andersen et al., 1993).
AlbuCORE: an albumin-based molecular scaffold for multivalent biologics design
Published in mAbs, 2020
Mario Sanches, Igor D’Angelo, Maria Jaramillo, Jason Baardsnes, John Zwaagstra, Joe Schrag, Ian Schoenhofen, Mauro Acchione, Sam Lawn, Grant Wickman, Nina Weisser, David K. Y. Poon, Gordon Ng, Surjit Dixit
Unless otherwise stated, all media were kept are 4°C and all incubations were performed on wet ice. On the day of the assay, exponentially growing cells were harvested using warm Cell dissociation solution (Sigma), centrifuged, counted, and resuspended in complete medium at a cell density of 2 × 106 cells/mL. Cells were distributed in microtubes (105 cells/tube). All variants were diluted as 2X master dilutions in complete medium followed by five 3-fold serial dilutions for a total of six concentration points. Equal volumes of 2X test variants or controls were added to cells and incubated for 2 h. Cells were washed twice (RPMI+ 2% FBS), centrifuged, and the supernatants removed. In some cases, rHSA (Albumin, human recombinant, expressed in Rice: Sigma Aldrich cat# A9731) was used as an additional control to measure nonspecific binding.
Extracellular vesicle measurements with nanoparticle tracking analysis – An accuracy and repeatability comparison between NanoSight NS300 and ZetaView
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Daniel Bachurski, Maximiliane Schuldner, Phuong-Hien Nguyen, Alexandra Malz, Katrin S Reiners, Patricia C Grenzi, Felix Babatz, Astrid C Schauss, Hinrich P Hansen, Michael Hallek, Elke Pogge von Strandmann
Starting concentrations of the serial dilutions were chosen to match the upper limit of ideal measurement conditions. In accordance with Figure 4, the starting concentration values obtained by NanoSight NS300 exceeded the values acquired by ZetaView for all samples ranging from 1.8 to 2.6-fold concentrations (Figure 5). The ZetaView device precisely and accurately determined concentrations of liposomes and EV samples as the measured values of the serially diluted samples fitted to the expected linear regression model with R2 values close to 1 (R2 > 0.999; %BIAS range 1.9–8.5). In contrast, NanoSight NS300 was considerably less precise and accurate and overestimated all measured dilution steps (R2 of 0.975–0.985; %BIAS range 31.6–36.8).
Susceptibility of oral bacteria to antibacterial photodynamic therapy
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Si-Mook Kang, Hoi-In Jung, Baek-Il Kim
For the photodynamic treatment, stock solutions of four PSs were prepared and stored at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Powder forms of curcumin (MW:368.38) and protoporphyrin IX (MW:606.62) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (since they have low solubility in water), and those of resazurin (MW:251.17) and riboflavin (MW:376.36) were dissolved in distilled water. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity induced by photodynamic reactions, a stock solution was diluted tenfold in a liquid medium to which each strain could be cultured to prepare a solution having a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Serial dilution was then used to prepare test solutions with concentrations of 10 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.1 μg/ml. The antimicrobial activity against light irradiation was evaluated by preparing 1,980 μl of test solutions in two 24-well plates, and 20 μl of 24 h cultured medium. One plate was irradiated for 5 min and the other plate was placed in a dark condition. The light irradiation for inducing the photodynamic reaction was provided by a QLF-D (quantitative light-induced fluorescence – digital, Inspektor Research Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands) device that included a 405-nm LED, and the total light energy was 25.3 J (84.5 mW/cm2 × 300 s).