The Health Care System Structure
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
The study and practice of medicine is generally structured on me basis of the various-specialties designated within the health care field. As will be noted from the listing of medical specialties in Table 2.1, most end with the suffix-logy, 'meaning "the study or science of" the specialty. Likewise, the individuals who practice in these fields are denoted by the suffix-ist or -I agist meaning "one who" and- "one who studies/' For example, given that the root word for heart is cardio, a cardiologist is one who practices (studies) in thefield on cardiology, treatment of heart disease.
Definitions and Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure
Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler in Heart Failure, 2023
Based on symptom onset and time course, HF may be chronic or acute (de novo or acute decompensation of chronic HF). Chronic HF can be further classified based on different aspects of the syndrome:Symptomatic severity and functional limitation; the New York Heart Association (NYHA) and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) classifications.Risk factors for and stages of development of cardiac dysfunction and HF; the American College of Cardiology (ACC) / American Heart Association (AHA) stage-specific approach.Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) vs midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF) vs preserved (HFpEF) LVEF phenotypes.Ventricle(s) affected; left ventricular vs right ventricular vs bi-ventricular.
Metabolic Cardiology
Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston in Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2015
Despite tremendous advances in technology, heart failure still remains the leading cause of hos-pitalization in the United States and its prevalence continues to increase as the population ages. The amount of human suffering associated with heart failure is enormous, and the financial burden placed on society is staggering. Although there has been considerable progress in the treatment of heart failure over the past 20 years with diuretics, ACE therapies,1,2 β-receptor blockade,3,4 and resynchronization therapy,5–7 heart failure is still associated with an annual mortality of 10% and 30%–40% 8,9 of patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. The search for more effective treatments is one of the major challenges in clinical cardiology.
Certification for Structural Heart Disease: Where Do We Stand?
Published in Structural Heart, 2019
Although clinics dedicated to heart valve disease or adult congenital heart disease have existed for many years, the explosion of the field of structural disease was fueled by the development of TAVR. The field has largely resided within the subspecialty of interventional cardiology and its interaction with cardiac surgery since that time. But it was not long before transcatheter mitral valve clipping and left atrial appendage occlusion procedures were introduced into clinical practice, and a number of percutaneous procedures directed to congenital disease were consolidated into the interventional armamentarium. Catheter closure of perivalvular leaks of prosthetic valves was an additional skill. It is not surprising, therefore, that the first training programs focused on structural heart disease emerged within interventional cardiology. While experience was initially incorporated into the standard interventional fellowship, an additional year of training devoted to structural heart procedures has increasingly emerged. Usually such programs require prior completion of a standard interventional cardiology fellowship, and often entail a separate application process. However, at present, training in structural interventions remains variable within interventional fellowship programs.
Impact of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the BALKAN-AF survey
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Monika Kozieł, Stefan Simovic, Nikola Pavlovic, Aleksandar Kocijancic, Vilma Paparisto, Ljilja Music, Elina Trendafilova, Anca Rodica Dan, Zumreta Kusljugic, Gheorghe-Andrei Dan, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Tatjana S. Potpara
Data were collected using an electronic case report form (eCRF) designed by SAFA. The eCRF included patient characteristics, patient presentation and healthcare setting, diagnostic procedures undertaken within the last 12 months and at enrolment and AF management at enrolment and at discharge. Stroke risk was estimated using the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive HF, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes, stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category) score [8]. Bleeding risk was evaluated according to the HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio (INR), elderly (>65 years), drugs or alcohol concomitantly) score [8,17]. All the cardiovascular risk factors, diseases and risk scores definitions were defined according to individual European Society of Cardiology guidelines, other guidelines, scientific statements and textbooks presented previously in supplementary information [15].
Metabolic syndrome is associated to high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T elevation
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Assi Milwidsky, Eyal Fisher, Rafael Y. Brzezinski, Michal Ehrenwald, Gabi Shefer, Naftali Stern, Itzhak Shapira, David Zeltser, Zach Rosenbaum, Dahlia Greidinger, Shlomo Berliner, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Ori Rogowski
The risk for cardiovascular morbidity is modifiable in its very early stages (Ponikowski et al.2016). Since metabolic risk factors also contribute to CVD progression and specifically to heart failure, major American and European cardiology societies advice routine follow-up and preventive steps for patients at high cardiovascular risk (Ponikowski et al.2016, Yancy et al.2017). Because not all of these patients will go on to develop overt heart failure or other CVD, more accurate and personalized risk assessment is needed. The findings of the ARIC sub-analysis suggest that hs-TnT testing can further refine risk stratification in patients with MetS. Our results corroborate this concept in that it establishes not only an association between Mets and hs-Tn but suggests a continuous relation between the metabolic burden (i.e. the number of MetS components) and hs-TnT in asymptomatic subjects.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Congenital Heart Defect
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Electrophysiology
- Circulatory System
- Heart
- Heart Failure
- Internal Medicine
- Medical Diagnosis
- Valvular Heart Disease
- Physician