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Varicose Veins/Venous Insufficiency
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Pycnogenol: French maritime pine bark extract, better known as pycnogenol, (100 mg tid for 60 days) induced a significant reduction in subcutaneous edema, as well as heaviness and pain in the legs. Approximately 60% of patients treated with pycnogenol experienced a complete disappearance of edema and pain at the end of the treatment.11 A study was undertaken to assess various products to treat chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The best improvement in CVI symptoms score were obtained with pycnogenol (100 mg tid for 60 days) along with compression.12
The cardiovascular system
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
In the presence of valvular incompetence in either system, blood that has been pumped up the leg during calf muscle contraction refluxes back down when the calf muscles relax, compromising the effectiveness of the calf muscle pump. It should be noted that the calf muscle pump is composed of both venous and muscular elements, and failure of either will give rise to chronic venous hypertension. Severe immobility (due to paresis, arthritis, obesity or other causes), as well as venous reflux, may thus be a cause of chronic venous insufficiency.
Vascular
Published in Michael Gaunt, Tjun Tang, Stewart Walsh, General Surgery Outpatient Decisions, 2018
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the venous return is impaired by reflux, obstruction and calf muscle pump failure. Sustained venous hypertension leads to oedema and leg swelling; eczema, especially around the medial malleolus; lipdermatosclerosis and eventually ulceration. Swelling initially consists of oedema fluid but eventually results in subcutaneous fibrosis and induration.
An appraisal of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): the dynamic molecule of wound healing and its current clinical applications
Published in Growth Factors, 2022
Aakansha Giri Goswami, Somprakas Basu, Farhanul Huda, Jayanti Pant, Amrita Ghosh Kar, Tuhina Banerjee, Vijay Kumar Shukla
Widely accepted to arise in the background of chronic venous insufficiency and its antecedent microcirculatory dysfunction (Jünger et al. 2000), the venous ulcers are a significant cause of morbidity. The tissue hypoxia emanating from microcirculatory failure is a strong stimulant for VEGF expression and angiogenesis. It is believed that leukocyte activation as the result of ambulatory venous hypertension activates ECs to stimulate VEGF expression from keratinocytes, macrophages, and vascular stromal cells as part of the repair process. Kolano et al. (2020) observed a significant correlation between micro-vessel density and VEGF expression in patients with venous ulceration. The serum levels of VEGF can be directly correlated with the dermatological manifestation of venous ulcers (Shoab, Scurr, and Coleridge-Smith 1998) and increased VEGF expression pattern has been consistently observed in the advanced stages of chronic venous disease (Peschen et al. 1998). The resultant neo-vascularization and the long-term microvascular permeability cause fibrin cuff deposition and tissue edema, which interferes with tissue nutrition, and are credited for clinical skin damage.
What is the optimal treatment technique for great saphenous vein diameter of ≥10 mm? Comparison of five different approaches
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2021
Emre Kubat, Celal Selçuk Ünal, Onur Geldi, Erdem Çetin, Aydın Keskin
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a major public health problem and several factors have been suggested to be play a role in its etiology including age, sex, pregnancy, ethnicity, family history, and obesity [1]. It typically presents with leg pain, burning sensation, itching, heaviness, and restless legs and nocturnal leg cramps. Untreated CVI may lead to a broad range of conditions from telangiectasis to skin ulceration [1]. The incidence of varicose veins has been estimated as 1.4% annually equally in both sexes [2]. Symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency accounts for the majority of CVI cases and several treatment options are available including compression stockings, venoactive drugs, and surgery [1]. Of note, previous studies have demonstrated that surgical treatment is superior to medical treatment in case of symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency [1,3].
Standing and sitting postures at work and symptoms of venous insufficiency – results from questionnaires and a Doppler ultrasound study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Chronic venous insufficiency is a congenital or acquired dysfunction of the veins caused by venous valves insufficiency. It is the most common syndrome of the vessels of lower limbs in humans. Due to the incidence rate, chronic venous insufficiency is considered a social disease [4]. Chronic venous insufficiency is a disease that affects people of working age; therefore, the direct costs of treatment should be increased by costs related to work absenteeism. The aetiopathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency is still not fully explained [15–17]. It is unclear whether the main cause of the disease involves hereditary or environmental factors.