China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Varicose Veins/Venous Insufficiency
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Varicose veins cause bulging, swollen, twisted, bluish or dark purple cords just beneath the surface of the skin. Veins carry blood back to the heart, and valves in the veins allow blood to flow from superficial veins into deeper veins to return to the heart. When veins have difficulty in efficiently returning blood from the limbs back to the heart, it is known as venous insufficiency. In venous insufficiency, blood pools in the leg veins and the ankles swell. If veins cannot effectively move blood towards the heart or stop the backflow of blood, varicose veins can develop. In the majority of cases, there is no pain, but if symptoms occur, they can include aching legs, swollen ankles, and spider veins.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Blood is transported away from the heart via arteries, the largest of which is the aorta. Arteries become progressively smaller the further they are from the heart, finally becoming very small vessels known as arterioles. Arterioles feed into capillaries in the capillary bed of all body tissues. Whilst arterioles are very small, capillaries are microscopic, with very thin walls. It is at the capillary bed that the exchange of nutrients and oxygen occurs, from the blood to the tissues, and waste products are exchanged to the blood from the tissues. Blood leaves the capillary bed via small venules that join with others to become veins, the largest of which are the superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC). Veins transport blood to the heart.
Vascular Surgery
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Varicose veins are a clinical diagnosis, and investigations are used to rule out secondary causes (e.g. D-dimer for DVT, abdominal/pelvic USS looking for masses) if suggested by the clinical scenario. ABPI should be completed to exclude peripheral arterial disease before recommending compression hosiery.
Comprehensive overview of the venous disorder known as pelvic congestion syndrome
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Kamil Bałabuszek, Michał Toborek, Radosław Pietura
Pelvic Venous Disorders manifests in many clinical presentations. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome is a common condition occurring worldwide, in which a significant proportion of cases remain undiagnosed and symptoms reported by women are often underestimated, due to poor knowledge of the condition. It is an important cause of chronic pelvic pain in female patients. It can also present with superficial varicose veins as the only symptom as well as in combination with pain. Symptoms can be non-specific and difficult to distinguish from other diseases. Certain diagnosis of the PCS is very challenging, due to its multiformity. Determining which patients suffer from symptoms associated with PCS is hard, but also extremely important to implement appropriate and targeted treatment. Future randomised trials on embolisation management are needed. A common treatment algorithm for trials based on an understanding of the mechanisms leading to symptoms would be particularly helpful in objectively evaluating outcomes.
Three-Dimensional in Vivo Anatomical Study of Female Iliac Vein Variations
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Wenling Zhang, Chunlin Chen, Guidong Su, Hui Duan, Zhiqiang Li, Ping Shen, Jiaxin Fu, Ping Liu
The EIV joins the IIV in front of the sacroiliac joint to form the CIV. The bilateral CIV, accompanied by the common iliac artery, converges to the inferior vena cava on the right side of the 5th lumbar spine. Veins usually accompany arteries. April T. Bleich et al. [23] conducted an autopsy of 54 female cadavers and found that only 62.3% (66/106) of the posterior internal iliac arteries and anterior internal iliac arteries shared a common trunk, i.e., 37.7% of the posterior internal iliac arteries were independently issued by the common iliac artery. LePage PA et al. [24] dissected 79 specimens from 42 cadavers and found that 73% of the IIVs of the specimens flowed into the EIV system through a main trunk and that 27% of the IIVs flowed into the EIV system through two completely separated main trunks. Chong GO et al. [20] found that the incidence of main iliac vein separation was 18.3%. In this study, similar manifestations were found when IIV returned to CIV, with an incidence of approximately 34.20%. It was common to observe IIV dividing into two branches or simultaneous confluence with the EIV to form the CIV, while three branches were rare.
Analysis of the vein wall destruction under endovenous laser ablation in an ex vivo model
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Natalia Ignatieva, Olga Zakharkina, Alexander Kurkov, Maxim Molchanov, Konstantin Mazayshvili
Histological examination was applied to intact and laser treated varicose vein samples and also to the control vein samples. The vein wall fragments were fixed in a 4-% neutral formaldehyde solution and then used to prepare 4-μm-thick paraffin sections. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and also, with picrosirius red (PR), and with orcein for elastic fiber examination. A LEICA DM4000 B LED microscope, equipped with a LEICA DFC7000 T digital camera, running under the LAS V4.8 software (Leica Microsystems, Switzerland), was used for the examination of the vein wall samples. The sections stained with H-E and with orcein were imaged under bright field to study tissue structure. The sections stained with PR were imaged under polarized light to assess collagen birefringence.