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Bioenergetics
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Investigators have addressed the effects of weight training on subsequent aerobic exercise. Crawford et al. (63) suggest that resistance training has minor effects on subsequent aerobic (treadmill) exercise. However, in that study, only a few sets of one isokinetic leg extension were used, resulting in a very low training volume. Using a routine consisting of nine upper and lower-body exercises with a much larger training volume, Baily et al. (13) found that weight training exercise can alter the typical rate-pressure product response and the heart rate–VO2 relationship. Running economy has been shown to be negatively altered by weight training consisting of a moderate-high volume (215). Interestingly, some evidence suggests that knee extension resistance exercise at 40, 60, and 80% 1RM induces an increased VO2 in non-exercised muscle (forearm flexors) that can persist several minutes after aerobic exercise (206). While not definitive, these studies suggest that the volume of weight training may influence physiological and performance sequelae related to recovery. For various reasons during a daily training routine, many athletes complete a strength-training session first and then move to a different type of conditioning exercise such as a running session, or vice versa. Often, only a few minutes separate these training sessions. Unfortunately, information is lacking with regard to the metabolic efficacy of this type of training routine.
Cardiac Performance During Diabetes
Published in Grant N. Pierce, Robert E. Beamish, Naranjan S. Dhalla, Heart Dysfunction in Diabetes, 2019
Grant N. Pierce, Robert E. Beamish, Naranjan S. Dhalla
More severe ischemic challenge has been shown to result in a greater or faster expression of cardiac functional depression in the diabetic animal hearts. The rate-pressure product,76,77 cardiac output,77 and stroke volume and work78 of the diabetic heart were more sensitive to ischemia than in control preparations. Coronary flow was also similar in response to the ischemic insult.77,78 Cellular K+ loss was similar in both groups.60,76 Episodes of ventricular tachycardia were more frequent in diabetic animal hearts than control hearts during the ischemic challenge.60 As demonstrated in Figure 13, end-diastolic pressure increased in both diabetic and control hearts during ischemia but end-diastolic volume increased only in the control hearts.78 Thus, the ratio of end-diastolic pressure to volume was higher in the diabetic hearts during ischemia than in the control animal hearts.78 These results were interpreted as a lack of compliancy in the diabetic animal heart and have been suggested to be due to an accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoproteins in the myocardium.78
Hemodynamic Patterns in Hypertension
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Muscular exercise increases the workload on the heart and the myocardial oxygen need. The product of HR × SAP (the rate – pressure product [RPP]) is a clinically useful index of myocardial oxygen demand (47). When the RPP is compared in hypertensives and normotensive subjects of similar age, it is seen that during rest in the hypertensive groups, the RPP is similar to what normotensives are exposed to during 50 W exercise (Figure 6.4) (48). This illustrates the chronic increased burden on the hypertensive heart – also at rest.
Intake Duration of Anthocyanin-Rich New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Affects Cardiovascular Responses during Moderate-Intensity Walking But Not at Rest
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Mehmet Akif Şahin, Pelin Bilgiç, Stefano Montanari, Mark Elisabeth Theodorus Willems
The experimental protocol consisted of measurement of cardiovascular responses during supine rest for 2 × 10 min and during 30 min of moderate-intensity walking. Cardiovascular measurements were obtained with a beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring system (Portapres® Model 2, Finapres Medical Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) using the arterial volume clamp method (22). The Portapres® is a beat-to-beat finger pressure analyzer that allows the noninvasive continuous measurement of hemodynamic parameters (23). The finger cuff was positioned around the same finger of the left hand for each testing and heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were derived. In addition, the rate pressure product (i.e. heart rate × systolic blood pressure) and the arteriovenous oxygen difference (i.e. oxygen uptake divided by cardiac output) were calculated (24).
Association of the time of day of peak physical activity with cardiovascular mortality: Findings from the UK Biobank study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Tongyu Ma, Lydia Jennings, John R Sirard, Yao Jie Xie, Chong-Do Lee
Early morning is accompanied by a rapid increase in blood pressure, which is potentially contributing to the increased CVD incidence within the few hours after awaking (Bilo et al. 2018). Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests that blood pressure reactivity to physical exertion is also increased in the early morning. In a study of intermittent exercise among trained athletes, the end-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the early morning were higher than that in the evening (systolic 196.8 vs 185.5 mmHg; diastolic 96.1 vs 89.5 mmHg) (Faisal et al. 2010). In another study among hypertensive and non-hypertensive participants, the authors observed a noticeably higher reactivity of systolic blood pressure in the early morning than other times of day (Jones et al. 2006). For example, the reactivity index was 4 mmHg/logarithm of activity change between 10:00 h and 12:00 h and was approximately 2 mmHg/logarithm of activity change between 18:00 h and 20:00 h, indicating a two-fold greater increase in systolic blood pressure for a given change in physical activity level when performed in the morning than in the evening. Additionally, a greater increase in rate-pressure product (a surrogate measure of myocardial oxygen demand) in the early morning was observed in patients recruited from a hypertension clinic (Atkinson et al. 2009). The increase in rate-pressure product per logged activity counts was approximately 670 beat·min−1·mmHg between 08:00 h and 10:00 h, and was 500 beat·min−1·mmHg between 12:00 h and 14:00 h (34% higher in the early morning).
Moderate intensity endurance exercise on responses of relative cardiovascular parameters of primary and secondary hypertensive patients: protocol for a randomised controlled trials
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2021
Abdulsalam M. Yakasai, Sonill S. Maharaj, Jibril M. Nuhu
The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on relative cardiovascular parameters of primary and secondary hypertensive patients. The objectives of this research are as follows;To investigate the effect moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on systolic blood pressure of primary and secondary hypertensive patients.To investigate the effect moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on diastolic blood pressure of primary and secondary hypertensive patients.To investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on HR of primary and secondary hypertensive patients.To determine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on rate pressure product (RPP) of primary and secondary hypertensive patients.