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Cardiovascular receptors, reflexes and central control
Published in Neil Herring, David J. Paterson, Levick's Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology, 2018
Neil Herring, David J. Paterson
The tachycardia is mediated, unusually, by a selective increase in sympathetic drive to the pacemaker with no fall in vagal parasympathetic activity. The tachycardia shifts blood from the congested venous system into the arterial system. The ‘Bainbridge reflex’, discovered in 1915 by Francis Arthur Bainbridge, is a tachycardia induced by the rapid infusion of a large volume of saline into the venous system. The response is mediated partly by the veno-atrial stretch receptors and partly by pacemaker distension.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
Published in Kenneth J. Broadley, Autonomic Pharmacology, 2017
Baroreceptors of vagal afferents are also found in the right atria and are stimulated during atrial filling. This results in reflex sympathetic discharge to the heart, increasing its rate and lowering venous pressure (Bainbridge reflex). Additionally, there is a reflex increase in urine flow (Hainsworth 1991).
Baroreceptors and Control of Blood Pressure
Published in Lara Wijayasiri, Kate McCombe, Paul Hatton, David Bogod, The Primary FRCA Structured Oral Examination Study Guide 1, 2017
Lara Wijayasiri, Kate McCombe, Paul Hatton, David Bogod
Also known as the atrial reflex. A rapid increase in venous return to the heart (e.g. rapid IV fluid bolus) may lead to activation of low-pressure atrial stretch receptors, resulting in an increase in heart rate. The purpose of the tachycardia is to restore atrial (and vena caval) pressures to normal by removing blood volume from the right atrium. The Bainbridge reflex is involved in respiratory sinus arrhythmia where heart rate momentarily increases with inspiration (lower intrathoracic pressure) due to increased venous return.
Resting heart rate and relation to disease and longevity: past, present and future
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Higher centers also regulate heart rate and include mainly the anterior part of the brain including the frontal lobe and the orbital cortex; simulation of the thalamus has been shown to result in tachycardia and hypothalamic temperature changes alter heart rate and peripheral resistance. Baroreceptors, located in the aortic arch and in the carotid sinus, respond to changes in arterial pressure leading to change in heart rate [8]. Respiration also have an effect on heart rate [9], elicited in a complex interplay of mechanisms including stimulation of parasympathetic nerves, stretch receptors in the lungs, changes in intrathoracic pressure, stretch of the atria eliciting the Bainbridge reflex and stimulation of the baroreceptors during left ventricular contraction and increase in arterial pressure [10,11].