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Thorax
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Arterial supply Superior and inferior phrenic arteriesPericardiophrenic and musculophrenic arteries
Anatomy of the Pharynx and Oesophagus
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The cervical oesophagus gets its main blood supply superiorly from the inferior thyroid artery of the thyrocervical trunk. The thoracic section of the oesophagus gains some of its blood supply segmentally from branches of the descending aorta or by branches of the bronchial and oesophageal arteries. Approximately five oesophageal arteries arise from the aorta anteriorly and these descend to supply the oesophagus by forming a vascular chain on the oesophagus itself. The vascular chain anastomoses with the branches of the inferior thyroid artery above as well as with the branches of the left phrenic and left gastric arteries below. The abdominal oesophagus is thus supplied by the left gastric and left inferior phrenic arteries. A dense blood supply and the anastomotic nature of the oesophageal blood supplying it render the organ virtually immune to infarction.
Techniques of adrenalectomy
Published in Demetrius Pertsemlidis, William B. Inabnet III, Michel Gagner, Endocrine Surgery, 2017
Minerva Angelica Romero Arenas, Ashley Stewart, Nancy D. Perrier
The adrenal glands are highly vascularized (Figure 35.1); they receive small arterial blood from branches of the inferior phrenic arteries and renal artery and directly from the aorta. Nutrient arteries form a capsular arterial plexus that sends capillaries coursing through the cortex. These capillaries then form a venous portal system that drains into the adrenal medulla. There the vessels reach confluence with the central adrenal vein. The right adrenal vein is short and wide; it exits the gland and immediately enters the posterolateral aspect of the IVC. There can be smaller accessory veins that drain directly into the right renal vein inferiorly or into the inferior phrenic vein superiorly as well. The left adrenal vein exits anteriorly and usually drains into the left renal vein, although it occasionally enters the IVC directly.
Pericardial Anatomy, Interventions and Therapeutics: A Contemporary Review
Published in Structural Heart, 2021
Reza Reyaldeen, Nicholas Chan, Saberio Lo Presti, Agostina Fava, Chris Anthony, E. Rene Rodriguez, Carmela D. Tan, Walid Saliba, Paul C Cremer, Allan L. Klein
The pericardium is normally supplied by small branches from the internal thoracic, pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic, inferior phrenic arteries, and the thoracic aorta. Veins from the pericardium enter the azygos system of veins in the internal thoracic and superior phrenic veins. Innervation of the pericardium arises from the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunks (via which the pericardium can modulate cardiac complexes and coronary tone via secretion of prostaglandins,14) as well as the phrenic nerves, which have somatic afferent fibers that represent the source of somatic pain sensation from the parietal pericardium. For this reason, “pain” related to a pericardial pathology is often referred to the supraclavicular region of the shoulder or lateral neck area dermatomes for spinal cord segments C3–C5.
Diaphragmatic endometriosis minimally invasive treatment: a feasible and effective approach
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Andres Vigueras Smith, Ramiro Cabrera, William Kondo, Helder Ferreira
Irrigation can be divided into vessels for the thoracic and abdominal parts. The thoracic part is irrigated by the internal thoracic artery through their branches, pericardio-phrenic, muscle-phrenic, superior epigastric, and the superior phrenic arteries (branches of thoracic aorta). Meanwhile, the abdominal part is supplied by the inferior phrenic arteries, branches of abdominal aorta (Table 2).