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Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Cold pressor test (placing a hand in a mixture of 50/50 ice and water for one minute: normal response is an increase of approximately 20 mmHg in systolic pressure, this is blunted or absent in those with autonomic dysfunction)
Evaluation of Autonomic Failure
Published in David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni, Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 2019
B) Blood pressure and heart rate are determined with the patient in the basal state. A cold pressor test is performed as described above. Following this, a 1 mg bolus of glucagon is administered through an intravenous dextrose line. Blood pressure is recorded every 30 seconds for 5 minutes.
Pain Sensitivity in Dysmenorrheic and Nondysmenorrheic Women as a Function of Menstrual Cycle Phase
Published in Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods, Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
Eleni G. Hapidou, Denys deCatanzaro
All volunteer subjects were administered a brief medical screening by telephone. This was done primarily to exclude subjects for whom the procedure might have presented a health risk and to obtain relevant menstrual cycle information. The subjects were told that this was a standard demographic and health information questionnaire administered in these types of investigations. Eligible subjects were then scheduled for their first experimental session corresponding to either the follicular or the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both experimental sessions were scheduled for approximately the same time and day of the week. On arrival to the laboratory and before the first actual experimental session, the subjects signed an informed consent form and were given a 10-sec practice trial on the cold pressor test and then given the opportunity to withdraw. This demonstration and practice trial included a full, taped verbal description of the sensations experienced in the cold pressor and immersion of the arm into the ice water for 10 sec. Following this demonstration, the actual cold pressor test commenced. The subjects were asked to indicate the moment at which they experienced the first painful sensation (threshold) by saying “now” and to try to keep their arm in the water for as long as they could (tolerance). The cold pressor test was terminated by the experimenter after 4 min in cases where the subjects showed prolonged tolerance.
Changes in sympathetic nervous system activity after renal denervation: results from the randomised Oslo RDN study
Published in Blood Pressure, 2021
Ola Undrum Bergland, Anne Cecilie K. Larstorp, Camilla Lund Søraas, Aud Høieggen, Morten Rostrup, Vibeke Norheim Kjaer, Kristin Godang, Knut Sevre, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl Elmula
We analysed venous samples of noradrenaline and adrenaline collected at five time points during each of the stress tests both at baseline and after six months, as detailed in the Online Supplement. Since the biological half-life of catecholamines in plasma is short, the predetermined resting period of 20 min between tests was presumed sufficient to reflect a true resting concentration [16]. Peak adrenaline concentration (pAC) and peak noradrenaline concentration were defined as the highest measured concentration in each patient at any time point throughout each stress test, reflecting the overall ability to mobilise catecholamines as a response to a stressor. In the cold-pressor test (CPT), the reactivity (Δ) was defined as the difference between concentration at rest and the concentration measured one minute after the hand was submerged into ice water. Receiving information on the nature of the cold-pressor test was viewed as a psychological stress test, as being informed about a painful procedure may elicit a stress response. In the case of the orthostatic test (OT), peak concentration and reactivity to the test hold the same definition. We were unable to obtain venous access in two of the patients from the DA group, and thus the mean catecholamine concentrations in this group were based on eight patients.
The influence of Val158Met COMT on physiological stress responsivity
Published in Stress, 2019
Jose Martinez Serrano, Jonathan B. Banks, Thomas J. Fagan, Jaime L. Tartar
Participants were provided with a written and verbal explanation of the study procedures. Once written consent was obtained, participants filled out self-report measures and provided background information, including completing a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire asking about history of violence or aggression. We exposed all participants to a one-minute Cold Pressor Test (CPT) that was maintained between 3 and 5 °C, within the first 15 min of the study procedure. Saliva was collected by unstimulated passive drool procedure described previously (Murphy, Denis, Ward, & Tartar, 2010). To quantify subjective pain intensity, participants were asked to rate their anticipated pain intensity (1 min before the CPT), their experienced pain intensity (during the CPT), and their recalled pain intensity (20 min following the CPT). This subjective pain scale ranged from 1 to 10 (1 = little pain to 10 = strongest pain imaginable).
Physical versus psychosocial stress: effects on hormonal, autonomic, and psychological parameters in healthy young men
Published in Stress, 2019
Robin Hermann, Bianca Biallas, Hans-Georg Predel, Katja Petrowski
The WG-related cortisol response showed a significantly higher but delayed cortisol delta in comparison to the TSST (Figure 3). A reason for this significance might be seen in the intense physical exhaustion and the associated energy deficit and metabolic response. Another possible reason for the different time-dependent peaks of both tasks (TSST at +10; WG at +20) might be seen in the fact that the intense part of the Wingate lasts approximately 10 minutes longer than the psychosocial stressor and that the number of intense intervals may affect the cortisol response (Dickerson & Kemeny, 2004). The differences in shorter-lasting stressors, however, contradict this hypothesis. The use of other stress inductions such as the dexamethasone-corticotrophin-releasing-hormone (DEX-CRH) test with an injection of the human corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) led to a maximum cortisol value 60 minutes after injection (Kirschbaum et al., 1992; Petrowski, Wintermann, Kirschbaum, & Bornstein, 2012). A cold pressor test (CPT – brief injection), as well as a socially evaluated cold pressor test (SECPT – maximum length of 3 min), have their maximum earlier at 25 min after induction (Schwabe, Haddad, & Schachinger, 2008). Both facts challenge this hypothesis. Therefore, the afore-mentioned hypothesis of a comparable hormone increase could not be confirmed. The WG led to a delayed and higher peak with a persistent effect.